Very often, for various reasons, you have to remove a tooth, and then you have to walk with emptiness in your mouth. In the old days, and even now in some clinics, dentures are also being installed. But in our modern time, an artificial resemblance of a tooth — an implant — can be installed on an empty seat.
In general, if literally, the word implant denotes a medical device that can be used both as a prosthesis, replacing the absence of any organ, and an identifier micro force, containing the necessary amount of information. With a dental implant can replace the roots of lost teeth, which further will help restore the entire dentition. To replace the missing tooth, dental implants are made, which need to be implanted into the bone, both in the upper and lower jaw.
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Types of dental implants
Dental implant is of several types:
- folding;
- nonseparable.
If it is a collapsible implant, then, as a rule, it is a multi-component design. One part of it is intraosseous, outwardly very similar to the root of a tooth. It is installed in cases when there is bone, or its previously increased. Intraosseous dental implants are divided:
- screw implants. On the surface of the implant is a thread, with which, it quickly and securely screwed into the bone. Such an implant usually takes root fairly quickly;
- cylindrical implant. This implant is made with a porous surface; provides a fairly good fixation in the jawbone. After some time, the bone tissue around the implant expands, penetrating into its pores on the surface, as a result of forming a single whole with it.
The second part, supragingival or extraosseous, has a smooth surface, since it directly contacts the mucous membrane of the mouth. Outside part also contains prosthesis support, and the connection of these two parts occurs at the expense of special fixing screws. Considering the complexity of the operation to implant the implant in the bone, it is clear that such an operation should be performed only by a professional implantologist. Implants are divided into several types in the following categories: by price difference, by type of material, by the state of the tooth or gum, where the implant will be implanted.
Disassembled implant, when intraosseous and periosteal part form a single whole, is made of one material. A part of the dental implant is implanted directly into the helical bone jaw bone, which passes into the head of the dental implant. The head of the implant after implantation, as a rule, protrudes from the gums, as compared with the rest of the dentition. A few weeks after the implant coalesces with the bone, a tooth prosthesis occurs.
In addition to these two main types, mini-implants are very often implanted. They are several times smaller than normal. dentures. The diameter of one such implant is approximately equal to the diameter of the toothpick, respectively, and the hole in the bone can be made much smaller than with a conventional implant. Mini implant similar to a threaded cone throughout its length. Unfortunately, mini-implants can only be used to restore the lower dentition.
Laser implantation
There is still a laser dental implantation. This is a simpler and faster way to replace a lost tooth, according to reviews. In comparison with surgical implantation, laser has a number of advantages:
- laser surgery procedure takes only 20-30 minutes;
- healing after laser surgery occurs more quickly and without further inflammation;
- the place that is cut by the laser remains sterile throughout the operation;
- the area of anesthesia is reduced, since laser surgery is not as painful as surgery.
The material from which the dental implant is made must be completely harmless, as it is introduced for a long time in the human body. Unfortunately, completely harmless materials do not exist. Today, dental implants are made of metal, ceramics, and relatively recently there have also appeared implants made of zirconium. The most popular compound in the manufacture of a metal dental implant is a koboltochrome alloy, stainless steel and titanium. And positive feedback is direct evidence of this.
The history of the development of implants
It will be interesting to know that the very first implant was made in 1912 stainless steel. As it turned out, steel has the ability to collapse after some time inside the human body. This indicates the unreliability of this alloy and the short service life of such an implant. Then, kobolto-chrome alloys replaced stainless steel implants. But here, not everything was perfect. Kobolto-chrome alloy had a toxic adverse effect on living cells organism. The most successful solution in this area was titanium and its compounds. It was first used as a dental implant in 1951.
The most important advantage of the titanium implant turned out to be high elasticity with daily chewing of food and sufficiently durable strength. Like any substance, titanium also showed negative properties as a result of interaction with iodine solution and oxalic acid, its oxide film is capable of breaking down.
In modern times, when choosing materials for implantation, they prefer ceramics. It has rather good inertness and is more biologically compatible with the human body than metal. But even here there is a drawback, ceramic dental implants, according to the opinions of doctors, are not as strong as metal ones. To date, the most common are titanium and zirconia implants, thanks to its relatively low price category, as they say reviews.
Contraindications for implantation
Despite modern technologies and quite high qualifications of doctors, before such an operation definitely need to do some medical researchthat will help determine whether it is possible to conduct tooth implantation or not. Contraindications for implantation include the following points:
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thyroid disease. When, as a result of the tests, it became known about the lowered or increased value of the periodal hormones. This hormone plays an important role in the body, it is responsible for many processes, including the function of tissue regeneration; - if the patient has a diagnosis of diabetes, it is also forbidden to carry out the operation. In diabetes there is a violation of the synthesis of insulin. With a lack of insulin in the body, a metabolic disorder occurs in the bone tissue and the ability to regenerate also decreases;
- the presence of various cancers, especially malignant ones. In the treatment of cancer, chemotherapy is used, which greatly reduces the ability of tissue bone to regenerate and, in addition, promotes the development of osteoporosis;
- a disease such as tuberculosis, the microorganisms of this disease have a detrimental effect not only on the lungs, but also on the whole organism;
- various oral diseases, such as lupus, pemphigus, Shegner syndrome, and stomatitis.
Contraindications to implantation should also be attributed the patient has various mental illnesses, such as paranoia or schizophrenia, the presence of allergenic reactions to metal compounds, as well as diseases that will reduce the body's resistance to infections.
Tooth implantation
After the tests, the doctor determines the time of the operation and discusses the implant that suits you best. An outpatient implant surgery takes place in dental clinics equipped with special equipment for this. No prior hospitalization is required for this operation. More often Prefer local anesthesia, but in extremely rare cases, general anesthesia is also possible.
The entire implantation operation does not take much time, depending on how many implants are planned to be implanted into the gums. The operating surgeon makes an incision on the gum, in the place where the implant is planned to be implanted and drills the bone so that the implant can hold. After the implantation surgery, you need to wait for a while until the implant takes hold of the body. Depending on the complexity and characteristics of the organism, this occurs after three to four months, sometimes a much longer period.
All this time the patient must be under the supervision of a physician. As soon as the doctor determined that the engraftment process went well, they put a head on the implant and then on it cement denture or attach with clamps above the root of the implant. At the discretion of the doctor, if he deems it necessary, a gum former or temporary crown may be installed. Shaper gum is needed in order to give the gum a correct and beautiful contour.
In order for the implant to fit perfectly, the dentist must make an impression. A sample of the impression is sent for modeling to the laboratory, where the model of the prosthesis itself is performed. If a single tooth prosthesis is being performed, then this is a single crown, if several teeth are at once, then this is a bridge implant.
Dental implantation brings with it a number of advantages. For example, such as:
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the possibility of restoring not only one lost tooth, but also a whole tooth row; - With the help of dental implants, toothless jaw prosthetics can be performed with more efficient structures;
- A dental implant looks so real, that it is simply impossible to distinguish it by external signs. It functions in the same way during a meal and feels like a real one.
Modern implantation is not only a beautiful and spectacular smile, but also the ability to re-chew food with all your teeth, feeling the full taste of food. It is also progress in artificial teeth prosthetics. And numerous reviews are subject to it.
Reviews
I have been with a dental implant for more than 6 years. She wanted to deliver it much earlier, but a familiar pediatrician, began to discourage and frighten by the appearance of osteomyelitis after surgery. But, after reading a lot of positive reviews, I finally decided, and now in 2008 I had my lower molar implanted. The implantation procedure did not take much time, the operation was done in the clinic under local anesthesia. An incision was made in the gum, the artificial titanium root was spun, then stitched. Edema on the gums held for 4 days. All this time I drank anesthetics prescribed for me by the doctor and ketones, drank antibiotics for a week to prevent a possible inflammatory process, then went to the doctor’s office for a few more days and finally I removed the stitches.
From positive, emotions I would like to note the long service life of such a tooth and another plus, that I did not have to grind the neighboring teeth, as it is done when installing the crown. Outwardly, my new tooth is not at all different, neither the shape nor the color from the neighboring teeth.The only negative - the implantation of the tooth quite expensive operationand not everyone can afford it.
Going to do the implantation of teeth for myself, I first learned whether it is being made in our small town. It turned out to be done in one clinic, but the reviews about the only doctor who performs such operations are not very good. She knew that a number of medical tests had to be done before the operation, but at this doctor they were literally just about taking blood from a vein and testing for infectious diseases. Therefore, I decided not to spare the money and go to a major city, even though it was a costly endeavor. Only one journey cost, and it was necessary to go more than once. In general, we conducted all the necessary studies and set the day for the operation.
The operation itself did not take much time and was not as painful as I imagined. The sight of blood of course, and there was quite a lot of it, was unpleasant and terribly frightening. The tooth itself, already on the implanted implant, was installed exactly after three months. The result suits me, I already got used to my new tooth quicklyas if there was no loss. In the end, I want to say one thing: to care for your teeth properly, you need to learn from childhood. Since the treatment and, God forbid, the restoration of an already lost tooth is now very expensive.
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