Today, dentistry has reached such a level that it is possible to restore a number of teeth almost from scratch. Dental implants can help you re-experience the joy of making a varied and tasty food.
Experienced dentists will be able to quickly and qualitatively restore the jaw with the help of modern high-quality implants implanted into the bone. But it so happens that before you install them you need to build a bone on the jaw. This procedure is called sinus lifting.
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Sinus lifting: what is it
As a rule, it is necessary to build up the bone in the upper jaw. The whole problem is that the loss of teeth provokes a strong jaw bone thinning and gums. And the bone is very noticeably reduced.
The patient's facial features change, and the remaining teeth greatly change their location, which leads to a significant deterioration in the quality of life. But this is absolutely no reason to be upset. Today, almost every person has a sinus lift. This operation will be able to help in the subsequent safe and high quality dental implantation.
For the first time this operation was carried out in the USA (1976). Its meaning was that it was necessary build bone in the upper jaw. This is necessary in cases where its volume is not enough to implant teeth.
With a sinus lift, a preliminary oral hygiene. The operation itself is quite complicated and requires high qualifications from the dentist. During this procedure, the doctor must perform a small “window” in the gums and bones.
The surgeon must gently move the bottom of the maxillary sinus, thus, a cavity appears, which the doctor fill with special liquid, it will replace the lost bone volume. After successfully completing the procedure, dental implants can be installed at the bone building site.
Sometimes implants are installed even during the operation, or in 2–3 months. The whole process takes no more than 30–50 minutes. Sinus lifting is performed in several ways: closed and open.
What is an open sinus lift for dental implants?
This operation involves four steps:
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a hole is made in the bone and gum, after the bone is exfoliated; - then the bottom of the maxillary sinus shifts;
- thereafter, the dentist injects synthetic bone into the resulting cavity;
- At the end of these procedures, the dentist sews up the wound.
Perform an open sinus lift if the patient has big bone shortage. This operation is very difficult, it must be performed separately from the implantation. To safely place the implants in the new bone, since the time of the sinus lift, it must pass at least six months.
Closed sinus lift
Such an operation is performed if the person has there is a bone, 7–8 cm high. With the sinus lift closed, it is necessary to make a “window” in the area where the implant must then be placed.
Then the dentist gently moves the maxillary sinuses using the cutter, and the resulting cavity fills with special granules. Thus, the bottom rises. Then, without any incisions, you can insert the implant.
Since closed sinus lifting and implantation of implants can be carried out in one session, you need to carefully ensure that you do not create an extra chewing load on the implanted implant. This load must be increased gradually and carefully. This will allow the bone filler to properly adapt and become stronger.
Indications, limitations and preparation for surgery
The indication for sinus lift is lack of bone tissue for implantation of teeth. Without this procedure, it is simply impossible to perform. Sinus lifting is contraindicated in the following situations:
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In diseases of the cardiovascular system. - If there is rhinitis, sinusitis or sinusitis.
- When diseases of the immune system.
- If the maxillary sinuses are very close.
- Poor blood coagulation rates.
Before performing sinus lifting, the doctor should take care of thorough preparation for the operation:
- A jaw bone is carefully examined. This stage must be completed. The dentist determines its density, height and selects the method of the operation.
- It is necessary to carefully examine the nasal cavity. If the patient has chronic diseases, then this may be a contraindication to the procedure. An x-ray should be taken, the results of which allow the dentist to find out in what condition the patient’s sinuses are.
- And also need to determine what bad habits are present in a person. If the patient smokes, then during treatment it is necessary to give up smoking for several days.
- A dentist can pre-do a virtual operation. For which there are special programs. Due to this procedure, already performing a real operation, the doctor can better orient in the structure of the maxillary sinuses and jaw of a certain patient. This will reduce the risk of complications and reduce the time it takes to complete the procedure.
- The patient needs to plan all things and likely trips. After a sinus lift from travel and travel should be temporarily abandoned. You will need to periodically visit the dentist to monitor the dynamics of the course of your rehabilitation period. At the same time after the operation it is forbidden to fly on airplanes.
- Antibacterial therapy. This treatment is prescribed only to some patients when there are certain indications for this.
Possible complications
During surgery, much depends on the proper and responsible approach of the dentist. If the sinus lift is made taking into account the technology and all requirements, then the result, as a rule, meets the patient's expectations.
The likelihood of any complications in the case when a professional takes over is significantly reduced. Most often, the complications are caused precisely by the maxillary sinuses.
After a sinus lift may appear ENT diseases. Sometimes patients complained of sinusitis, antritis, rupture of mucosal tissue, chronic rhinitis, a violation of the sinuses from the outflow of fluid, bleeding, swelling.
In some cases, postoperative complications are associated with a septum located in the sinus. In order not to injure the patient, the dentist performs a hole on both sides.
During open sinus lifting, complications occur more often than when closed. Most often this is due precisely with medical errors. As a rule, this error is a rupture of the mucous. This complication is eliminated by suturing and patching.
The second most occurring complication is getting into the cavity of infection. This complication requires immediate treatment so that suppuration and inflammation of the tissues do not develop.
And also a sometimes encountered complication - low implant mobility. This happens due to the fact that after the operation the bone tissue may be slightly lost.According to statistics, the frequency of complications depends directly on the responsibility and skill of the dentist, the quality of materials used and equipment.
Therefore, the patient must, before performing the operation, take a responsible approach to the choice of the dental clinic where he will do a sinus lift. It is better to overpay a little, but get quality procedure using modern materials and the latest equipment.
Sinusitis
A rather serious complication after sinus lifting is perforation with a further rupture of the mucous membrane in the region of the maxillary sinus. In medical terminology, this shell is called the Schneider membrane. Causes of this complication:
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the surgeon lacked the necessary tool (for example, there was no ultrasonic bone knife); - the operation was performed during chronic inflammation of the sinus membrane;
- the dentist was negligent or was inexperienced.
If perforation occurred in the area of the maxillary sinus, then a potentially dangerous infection penetrates the zone of the maxillary sinus, which leads to the appearance of a dangerous disease - iatrogenic sinusitis. But he is easily treatable. When there is a suspicion of this complication, immediately need to contact an experienced maxillofacial surgeon.
Puffiness
If a noticeable puffiness appeared on the face in the first week after the operation, then this natural body reaction on dental intervention. Edema may vary in severity.
Puffiness occurs due to the fact that in the operating area injured tissue. Because of what their inflammation can happen. Therefore, it is important that during the operation the dentist tries to injure them as little as possible.
The wound process at the acute stage lasts up to 3 days. After that, the puffiness begins to subside and disappears completely after a few weeks. To reduce swelling, the surgeon may prescribe therapy with pills and intramuscularly dexamethasone.
Pain sensations
As a rule, pain after surgery occurs due to the development of the inflammatory process, which can last for several weeks. The peak of pain occurs 4–5 days after surgery. Pain can be of different intensity.
It also depends on the level of pain threshold of a person. To relieve pain, a dentist may prescribe drug treatment. It is possible painkillers, antibacterial and antihistamines.
Advantages and disadvantages of sinus lifting
Sometimes sinus lifting is simply an indispensable dental surgery for the subsequent implant installation. If a person has a very small jaw bone, it will simply make subsequent implantation impossible.
In these cases, sinus lift is the best solution and a real salvation. But this operation is still has several disadvantages:
- If the required technology is not fulfilled, as well as when the dentist has not studied the maxillary sinuses sufficiently, a implant in them can be dropped. In this case, you need to perform implantation again.
- If the dentist damages the nasal sinuses, then chronic rhinitis may appear.
- Often this process requires a long postoperative period. Moreover, the patient has a constant puffiness on his face. In this case, the application of ice to the affected area can help. This complication is usually encountered after performing an open or unilateral sinus lift.
- An inflammatory process may appear in the sinuses. This is mainly due to infection.
But, despite the likely complications, this operation much more benefits:
- With this dental operation, you can permanently restore the lost bone volume in the jaw.
- During closed sinus lifting, rehabilitation takes place without significant complications and rather quickly.
- The operation allows for high-quality dental implantation.
Today sinus lift quite successful. The technology of this type of operations is carefully adjusted. Due to the sinus lifting, dental implantation of the teeth began to be performed even in cases where the patient has significantly decreased the volume of the jaw bone tissue.
When an experienced dentist takes over the operation, the result is often just excellent, and rehabilitation takes place almost imperceptibly, and you will not even feel that you have done a sinus lift.
Postoperative period
For a successful outcome, the patient must fulfill all the requirements of the dentist. There is nothing impracticable or difficult in these requirements. What is forbidden to do after surgery:
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refrain from flying by air, the pressure drop negatively affects the sine lifting; - it is undesirable to dive into the water; hitting the water may damage or displace the injected drug;
- you can brush your teeth only the next day, but only without toothpaste and a soft brush;
- it is forbidden to drink beverages through a straw;
- smoking is undesirable;
- it is undesirable to blow your nose for about a month, if you need to sneeze or cough, then you can not close your mouth, use a handkerchief;
- temporarily can not eat solid food.
If you follow these simple but important recommendations, then you insure against displacement artificial bone material. If, after all, this displacement has occurred, then this may lead to further inflammation and infection of the entire area where the operation was performed.
Sinus-lifting is not a new operation at all, it has been practiced in dentistry for more than a dozen years. During this time, the methods of its implementation have been significantly improved, therefore, there should be no experience regarding the lack of experience in this area.
Sinus lifting has mostly positive reviews. But before agreeing to this procedure, it is advisable to get acquainted with the reviews of those people who did the implantation of teeth in this way. We also recommend visiting at least several dental clinics to determine the problem and the possibilities of its solution.
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