Dental prosthetics in dentistry has been used for a long time and today is the most popular and affordable option for the restoration of lost teeth. In dental practice, using a denture, you can replace not only the missing tooth, but also restore any function of the chewing apparatus.
There is no one for whom, perhaps, it is no longer a secret that with the help of artificial teeth one can externally change the aesthetic appearance of existing teeth and correct the defect of bite. If you believe, then about 80% of the world's population have malocclusion and of these, 50% are children. The early lost milk teeth, while the constants are still in no hurry to manifest themselves in an empty space, contribute to the displacement of a whole dentition, as a result the child develops malocclusion. A properly installed denture will help to avoid this unpleasant situation.
Dental artificial teeth are first mentioned in the 6th century BC. Archaeological excavations carried out in Honduras revealed a human skull with implants embedded from shell material of sea mussels. It sounds ridiculous, but at that time it was already a big step in the development of dentistry. For a long time, dental prosthetics remained available only to the well-to-do of the population, and even then it was somewhat far from what we see now.
Until the very end of the 19th century, artificial teeth were made from the bones of cattle, horse teeth, walrus, ivory, and they were attached, with the help of wire which was screwed to the neighboring ones. Humans were especially popular, they could be bought from poor people or removed from the dead. A great step in the development of prosthetics was invested by Pierre Fauchard, who was the first suggested using pin teeth, and also for the first time tried to choose the color of the tooth.
Content
Dental prosthesis classification
They can be classified into several types according to the method of attachment in the oral cavity:
- non-removable, when the patient’s missing teeth can be restored using prostheses that are fixed in the mouth The patient is final and you need to wear them all the time. As a rule, they are fixed with the help of special cementing solutions, which firmly help to attach the prosthesis with the remaining teeth;
- removable prosthetics. Used as a replacement for missing teeth, very often with the help of them. correct visible dentition defects or when virtually all teeth are missing.
Conventionally, the latter are also divided into the following:
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partially removable. It is recommended to be used for end or broaching defects of the dentition. This design provides presence of several abutment teeth and it is necessary to fix such a prosthesis with the help of various special systems; - conditionally removable. Most often it is a prosthetic bridge, which is convenient to remove and put on for personal hygiene manipulations. Fasten with castle or telescopic fixation.
- full removable taken to use if you need to restore a completely edentulous jaw. Made most often from acrylic plastic material, they are held onto the gum due to a point sticking to the gum tissue.If this is a complete restoration of the lower dentition, then they are fixed using mechanical retention. It is possible to improve the fixation of a complete denture with the help of special adhesive creams, ointments and gels.
It should be noted that, as a rule, non-removable prosthetics are recommended to be used for a single tooth loss or in the case when the dentition defects are not very large. If you need to replace several missing teeth at once, then in this case, of course, it is better to use removable prosthetics.
Nowadays there is a rather extensive and diverse choice of both removable and non-removable artificial teeth. With the final choice, most often take into account the preferences of the patient, the presence of allergic reactions to certain materials, the number of remaining teeth and financial capabilities. Removable dentures are made from different materials, but the most popular are: acrylic, plastic, nylon and dentures, which are made using various metal structures.
Acrylic dentures
Acrylic dentures are very popular due to their availability. They can be used both as a replacement for the entire missing row, and when replacing several teeth. With full prosthetics, Acrylic prosthesis is made with support on the adjacent gingiva, fixing it with suction to the mucous membrane of the mouth. Thanks to this feature, such a prosthesis will hold for a long time and reliably.
Virtues
Acrylic denture has many positive qualities, here are some of them:
- its feature is that it can be installed by absolutely everyone, regardless of age and general state of health;
- with daily use, no one will even notice that instead of real teeth you have acrylic artificial teeth.
- they are very easy to remove and install into place, with special desireThe client will be able to pull it out himself., to carry out actions on personal hygiene and again with the same ease to set it back, if you believe the reviews;
- another important advantage is the time of its manufacture. No need to wait for a long time, as is the case with implants or nylon prostheses. In one visit to the dentist, it can be manufactured and installed;
- do not require special care and the acquisition of special tools;
- The plastic used in the manufacture is very light, so the finished design is also light, and if it breaks, it is easy to repair;
- due to its not very high price, such a prosthesis can afford to install almost every needy person.
disadvantages
Despite all the advantages listed above, I would like to add that, unfortunately, they have not yet come up with perfect dentures, and the acrylic prosthesis also has its drawbacks, which can be seen in the reviews:
- the material that is used in the manufacture of such a prosthesis, with a sufficiently long wearing begins to release methacrylate. In large doses, this reagent has a toxic effect on the human body; in small doses, as a result, it can cause an allergic reaction to the structure;
- with inadequate care, various microorganisms can be formed on the porous surface of the acrylic prosthesis, contributing to the further development of various inflammatory processes in the mouth;
- in the process of daily use, abrasion of the adjacent teeth will occur, as a result of which caries may appear.
But, with proper care and daily hygiene, acrylic removable teeth can last more than five years and the reviews are subject to it.
Plastic removable dentures
Plastic prostheses can also be used both in the complete absence of teeth on the jaw bone, and in partial. Lamellar dentures are made of plastic, which are fixed to the mouth with the help of special closing valve and focus on the gums.With the partial absence of teeth, it is possible to make artificial, in which a wire will be used, covering the remaining abutment teeth, which is also a means of fixing such a prosthesis.
The service life of plastic prostheses mainly depends on how quickly the bone tissue atrophies, the sooner this disease is detected, the better. If you start and do not cure in time, in the future it threatens with complications during the operation of the prosthesis, and in special cases even the inability to install the prosthesis. On average, the service life of a plastic prosthesis is from 3 to 4 years.
According to the method of manufacture they are classified into:
- peresovannye. They are convenient in that their production is quite simple and fast, however, the quality of such a prosthesis is much worse than that of the casting.
- molded. The peculiarity of this design is the high accuracy during installation. They imitate the structure of the oral cavity very well, so when using it it is almost impossible to distinguish real teeth from artificial ones.
Artificial teeth made of plastic are suitable for people who have a small dentition defect, as a temporary crown in the absence of one or two teeth, with a noticeable deformation, for example, of the front teeth.
Also the use of such a prosthesis recommended for cases of periodontal diseasewhen there is a risk of tooth loss. But, if there is an allergic reaction to any component of the plastic used, the patient is diagnosed with loosening of the teeth - a disease that, if it is started, leads to their loss. If the crown of the remaining tooth, where you plan to install the prosthesis, is too short, then in such cases it is better not to install the plastic prosthesis.
Advantages and disadvantages of plastic prostheses
If you have made your choice and decided to install plastic artificial teeth, it is useful to list the pros and cons of such a product.
The benefits can be attributed, if you rely on the feedback from experts:
- can be used as a temporary prosthesis;
- in comparison with other prostheses and expensive implants, in its price category are quite accessible;
- possess good aesthetic qualitiesthat gives them more similarity with natural teeth.
Disadvantages of a plastic denture:
- the appearance of the prosthesis after a year of use significantly changes towards the worst compared with the original appearance;
- able to cause an allergic reaction to the components that make up the plastic;
- Food residues may accumulate under the crown and, if not cleaned in time, the prosthesis may lead to various inflammatory processes.
No matter how good such devices are in their qualities, it’s still after their installation discomfort is possible at first. Therefore, if you still decide to install such artificial teeth, then first look at the reviews about the clinic and the doctor to whom you are going to ask for help.
Reviews
Due to the time and various reasons, several lower chewing teeth had to be removed at once. Without them, it was not very convenient to chew food. For a long time he decided on prosthetics, confused by the price and a small amount of information in general about what kind of prostheses exist. After going through all the possible options, he chose an acrylic prosthesis. I wear it for the fourth year and I am very pleased with it. From the side it can not be distinguished from real teeth, keeps well in the mouth. If necessary, I can pull it out, clean it. What is important, the price suits me perfectly.
For several years, I used a plate denture. There was a terrible discomfort in my mouth, everything was inflamed there. The doctor constantly drove it to me. She also felt discomfort when talking with people around her, she was afraid that this prosthesis would slip out of her mouth.Had to eat only very shredded food. The doctor advised to use special preparations that would help strengthen the fixation of the prosthesis. It became much easier, of course, but completely from discomfort, I still could not get rid of.
I went to the dentist for a very long time, tried to treat my teeth. But when the teeth began to loosen and there was a threat of tooth loss, he decided to take urgent measures. Since the budget was very limited, I decided to install a plastic prosthesis. After installing it, there was some discomfort, but it did not last very long. I could only eat food that was very shredded, but as soon as I got used to it, I could already eat even what I had previously refused.
More than two years ago, as a result of the injury, I had to remove three front teeth. The young man is also without teeth, ugly. Began to look for what can replace the missing teeth. After some doubt, the choice fell on a plastic prosthesis. The design was made fairly quickly. True, after the installation for a long time I felt discomfort, it was inconvenient to chew, the prosthesis rubbed the gumstherefore, I had to go to the dentist several times for correction. Now everything is fine, there are no discomfort.
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