In dentistry, prosthetics is perhaps the most popular service. Lost and destroyed teeth are not only aesthetic, but also a physiological problem that affects overall health. Therefore, the restoration of teeth, their structure, shape or replacement when it is impossible to recover is very important.
Today, dentures are the only alternative to their own teeth, it is not surprising that much attention is paid to the development of new technologies and techniques in the field of prosthetics. But many options for prosthetics makes you wonder which one to choose.
Content
Types of dentures and their characteristics
Dentures are of two types: removable and non-removable. Each of these types has its own varieties, which differ in their functionality, aesthetic appearance, material production, method of installation and, of course, the price. Accordingly, each of them has both advantages and disadvantages.
Removable differ in that they can be removed and installed when it is convenient for you. Non-removable are attached in such a way that they can be removed only with the help of a specialist.
Removable devices are generally versatile. That they can take off yourself and put on againWhen its owner is needed, is a definite plus. But at the same time they are loose in the mouth, and if you wear them for a long time, the palate is deformed, and the fit becomes even more loose.
Non-removable structures tightly and securely fixed in the oral cavity, but they are difficult to install, and if their teeth are not enough, such prostheses are not suitable. Of course, the patient himself chooses the type of device for prosthetics, after becoming familiar with all the characteristics, advantages and disadvantages of each type.
But anyway Dentist consultation requiredwhich will be able to determine which prosthesis can be installed in a particular situation, which of them will be optimal, whether there are any contraindications or any factors interfering with prosthetics.
Removable dentures
If we are talking about removable devices, then they can be divided into the following types:
-
partially removable; - full-removable;
- acrylic based;
- on a nylon basis;
- byugelnye.
Partial removable dentures
Partially removable products are used in the event that the patient cannot install a non-removable prosthesis. To do this, you must have in the mouth several own teeth, which will act as a support for the prosthesis.
Such prostheses replace several (from two or more) missing teeth from either side of the jaw - both the upper and lower teeth. Sometimes they are used as a temporary cosmetic with some dental actions. Temporary Prostheses are called imidaprostheses. Most of the partially-removable structures have no age limit.
Partially removable devices on a plate basis
Such prostheses are made from one to four weeks by an orthodontist and a technician, and the patient must often visit the dental clinic.Plate devices are used to replace a number of 2 or more teeth.
If you need to replace one tooth or more, optimal use soft removable designs on a nylon base. If you need to replace from one to a number of teeth, then you should pay attention to one of the latest developments in orthopedics - byugelny prostheses.
The advantages of these prostheses:
- Economical.
- Reliable and durable.
- Safe.
- Aesthetic.
But many patients complain of discomfort and even pain from wearing such a device, as well as the frequent violation of diction and taste sensations. The most inconvenient are dentures, made of hard plastics, but at the same time they are cheaper than more comfortable products from soft plastics.
Nevertheless, plate products are available to most patients, they are unpretentious in care, quickly manufactured and installed, besides, they have an undoubted advantage - they allow to evenly distribute the load on the entire jaw.
The main disadvantage of such structures is that they can cause soft tissue atrophy. However, specialists are gradually moving from the lamellar base to the metal base, which no longer causes such deformations.
Nylon-based prostheses
Nylon-based flexible prostheses have been around for several years, but they are already well known to clinic patients. They are recommended to use. only as temporary, limiting wearing to a few weeks.
They are made of thermoplastics that do not cause allergic reactions, hygienic, flexible and are distinguished by enviable durability - the nylon prosthesis does not break if, for example, it is dropped on the floor.
For such constructions it is not required to pre-process teeth - it is enough to take an impression Their prices are quite reasonable - a full removable nylon prosthesis is worth it. about 25 thousand rubles.
Nevertheless, thermoplastic prostheses are not ideal: they absorb water, losing their original properties, accumulate extraneous, including unpleasant, odors, are not able to distribute the load over the entire oral cavity.
Because of this, over time, the design ceases to hold on as needed. And although with a healthy oral cavity, nylon products can be used for up to 10–15 years, experts advise against making full dentures of them and wear them for a long time.
Clasp prostheses
These prostheses are high-tech. They appeared not so long ago, but quickly became popular, and even in picky patients. The development of this design allowed to realize all the advantages of conventional prostheses, while their disadvantages are minimized.
These are compact devices based on the basis of - metal arc construction, on which are mounted artificial teeth. They cover only those places in the mouth, where there are no teeth, without touching the healthy part of the mouth. In general, such a prosthesis looks very aesthetic, besides, its cost is not too high and is quite comparable with the price of implantation of teeth.
The disadvantage of this product is that the construction is attached to the clasps - special hooks - on healthy teeth and, as a result, on them enamel may be damaged. And, of course, like any foreign body, at first, the clasp dentures can cause discomfort up to the gag reflex, increased salivation and loss of taste sensations.
In some cases diction may change, the patient may be uncomfortable to eat - bite and chew food. But over time, addiction occurs, the discomfort disappears.
Such dentures are shown if in the oral cavity the destruction of the dentition has just begun and there is a shortage of a small number of teeth plus there are healthy ones on which the denture will be fixed. They do not need to take off at night, they are easy to care for. By the way, byugelny prostheses can also be fixed.
Acrylic dentures
Acrylic-based dental constructions are also quite popular, especially if the patient has no teeth of his own at all or there are contraindications to implantation. Otherwise, such prostheses are not inferior to other species, and from an aesthetic point of view they are almost flawless, as they imitate the natural look of the jaw system.
They can be installed on any jaw or even on both at once, therefore, acrylic dental products very popular older people who have lost all or almost all their teeth, however, they have no contraindications for installation at any age.
Such dentures make both partially and completely removable. They lightweight, comfortable enough, easy to maintain, distribute the load on the entire jaw. Thanks to the manufacturing technology, acrylic prostheses are not only reliable, but also quite affordable, and they are also made very quickly, in just one visit to the dentist.
The cost of a full acrylic prosthesis is on average from 8 to 20 thousand rubles. However, these seemingly ideal dentures have their drawbacks:
- Physical effects cause atrophy of soft tissues in the oral cavity.
- Abrade tooth enamel healthy teeth with fastening.
- They are allergic reactions.
- They provoke the development of negative microflora, due to which an unpleasant smell from the mouth appears.
Fixed dental structures
A non-removable denture, as the name implies, cannot be removed when the patient wants it. But such prostheses are different. reliability and long service life and have excellent aesthetic characteristics.
They are recommended for children and people of young and middle age in the absence of one or several teeth. Non-removable dental devices are divided into several types:
- microprostheses (or partial);
- crowns (single and console);
- bridges;
- implants.
They all differ in design, materials of manufacture, method of installation and preparation for it, as well as price. The choice of the type of fixed prosthetics depends on the condition of the patient’s jaw system.
Microprostheses are indicated for partial damage or destruction of the tooth. They are aesthetically pleasing imitate a natural tooth, can mask significant defects of the teeth, which is especially important if the visible side is damaged, and they are much stronger than any fillings.
Dental crowns are placed on implants. And also on partially damaged teeth and even on the roots of the tooth. Bridges are recommended in the absence of one or all teeth.
Microprostheses
Microprostheses include: tabs, veneers and lumineers. Tabs are used as an alternative to filling, veneers and lumineers - to correct the appearance of teeth. They are made of porcelain or ceramics, fixed on the visible outer side, without touching the back side.
Despite its external fragility and microscopic thickness, it is very durable products, reliably protecting the tooth up to 10 years without losing the aesthetic component. Tabs also last much longer than conventional fillings, but they are not advisable to install in case of serious dental diseases.
Veneers and luminirs are also impossible to use in some cases, for example, with extensive caries. It should be noted that of the majority of ways to preserve the appearance of teeth or to mask their deformation, veneers and lumineers are the fastest and at the same time inexpensive.
Crowns for teeth
The dental crown also perfectly hides the defects of the tooth, while restoring its physiological functions. Often crowns are used in order to prepare the abutment teeth for the installation of a bridge. Crowns are shown in the case of: loss of a natural tooth, a strong tooth defect and fluorosis.
In many cases, crowns are an indispensable tool for leveling a tooth and giving it the right look, they durable and reliable products, and at the price available to the absolute majority.
However, they are not recommended for allergic reactions to the crown material, for periodontal disease and weak dental roots, as well as if the upper part of the tooth does not allow the crown to be installed reliably due to impaired integrity. In addition, the crowns are not set for children while the body is still forming.
For the manufacture of dental crowns are used various materials:
- Ceramics.
- Metal.
- Precious alloys.
From the point of view of aesthetics, it is advisable to install crowns on the front teeth. from ceramics or metal ceramics. In addition, this material is less often rejected by the tooth tissues.
Bridges
The bridge, as the bridge is often called, is a reliable and durable type of prosthesis, shown when one or more teeth are lost.
The bridge is available at a cost, besides there are various ways of fastening such a prosthesis, so it quite popular with patients.
Bridges are attached in the following ways:
- on your own teeth,
- on implants,
- on a special glue.
In addition to reliability, the bridge construction almost does not change color from the effects of various dyes such as tea or coffee, with its help you can use any food, even the hardest, getting used to the bridge happens very quickly.
If we compare the bridge, for example, with implanted teeth, then, of course, it is inferior in some technical characteristics, but at the same time its teeth do not differ much from the real ones, and the cost is much more pleasant.
If the patient has problems with the presence of teeth, the bridge can be installed on pre-implanted implants that will be used as supports for the bridge, but this is a long and complicated procedure and also not too cheap. Of the other disadvantages of such prostheses can be canceled. need for pre-turning dentofacial system.
Implant Features
Implant placement is the most advanced technology for the restoration of teeth, implanted teeth are absolutely identical to the natural ones in all characteristics. The price of such prostheses is significantly higher than that of others, but this is justified by the efficiency and aesthetics of the result.
The procedure itself is pretty complex, not accessible to everyone - and not only in terms of cost, but also as a dental-maxillary system. The decision on whether implantation is possible is made by a specialist after a full examination of the patient’s jaws.
However, if this type of prosthesis is indicated, the patient will appreciate the advantages of this method:
- Implants do not cause discomfort.
- They can be replaced as one, and all teeth of a row.
- These are the most durable dentures of all.
- They can be installed as supports for the installation of other dentures.
Implants are made from a variety of materials, but most durable and comfortable are titanium. The prosthesis of any design has its lifetime. After this deadline, it is necessary to replace the prosthesis.
And you can also restore it by relocating - that is, surfacing of a layer of plastic where the soft tissues of the palate deform as a result of wearing the prosthesis most of all, in order to avoid further deformation, a loose fit of the prosthesis and unpleasant sensations. Relocation can not be done only for prostheses made of nylon.
Loading ...