It happens that caries leads to partial or complete destruction of one or more teeth. And then the loss of even one tooth leads to the deformation of the entire series, an increase in the load on the others, a change in the bite, which leads to a rapid erasure of the enamel layer, significantly increases the risk of new caries and can cause gum disease. Completely restore the chewing function and aesthetic appearance of the dentition by installing prostheses.
According to the method of fixation in the oral cavity, dental prosthetic structures are removable and non-removable.
Fixed prostheses are firmly fixed in place of the extracted teeth or replace the damaged part of the destroyed tooth. They suggest long wearing on an ongoing basis.
Depending on the design, there are the following types of non-removable dentures:
- Dental microprostheses.
- Single crown.
- Bridged fixed dentures.
- Dental implants.
The type and type of construction of the fixed denture is determined solely by the orthodontist depending on individual features of the client's pathology and the anatomical structure of his jaw.
Content
Dental Micro Prostheses
-
Veneers - thin, translucent non-removable plates of high-strength ceramics, made on the basis of accurate prints. With the help of heavy-duty cement, carefully fitted veneer is installed instead of the previously removed thin layer of enamel on the front part of the surface of hard dental tissue. Microprosthetics of this kind are carried out in cases of dark age spots or stains from old fillings on the surface of the front teeth; cracks and chipping of tooth enamel resulting from wear or injury; the presence of a wide natural gap between the teeth; irregular tooth shape. Veneers contribute to strengthening and restoring the aesthetic appearance of the anterior dentition, the so-called smile zone. - Lumineers - a type of veneers. It is made of porcelain, for greater strength, hardened with crystals. Installing lumineers does not require removal of enamel and turning. They can be mounted both directly on the surface of the tooth enamel, and on old crowns and bridges. The ultra-low thickness of lumineers avoids the bulge effect that is typical of ordinary veneers.
- Tooth Tabs - in fact, they represent seals of high strength and accuracy of installation. Used in cases of formation of large cavities; significant destruction of solid tissues of the coronal part; as the basis of dental crowns and support bridges. Such fixed prostheses are made according to exact castings of damaged teeth from metal, various synthetic alloys or ceramics. The use of ceramics allows you to give the tab a natural shade. In addition, this material is practically not destroyed and does not absorb dyes, maintaining its color for a long time.
Single crown
This type of fixed prosthesis is used for the destruction or severe damage to the crown of the tooth. In the case of maintaining a healthy root, with the help of a special crown pin, it is possible to restore an almost completely destroyed tooth.Crowns with absolute accuracy mimic the anatomical features of healthy, natural teeth, performing all their inherent functions. Modern technologies allow you to install such prostheses without removing the dental nerve, which is important for the preservation of root tissue.
Currently, in the manufacture of crowns most often use metal ceramics, metal plastic or ceramics.
Metal-ceramic crowns
Frames for exact replica of the tooth are based on cobalt and chromium alloywhich is then covered with an outer layer of ceramic. Such prostheses are characterized by high strength, durability and aesthetics. Metal-ceramic crowns are installed in both the front and back dentition.
Metal plastic crowns
Differ in the ease and reasonable price, carrying out esthetic function. However, the composite material of such a crown is less durable, subject to discoloration with time and influence on it, for example, tobacco or coffee.
In addition,plastic absorbs various odors and can cause gum allergies.
Ceramic crowns
Such fixed dentures differ from metal-ceramic crowns more natural color and lack of oxidative processescharacteristic of the metal, and the inflammatory reaction possible with the use of composite materials.
Ceramic crowns have a higher price due to the cost of ceramics and the high-tech process of manufacturing a prosthesis.
Dental Prostheses
The installation of dental bridges is a classic method of prosthetics, which is used in the absence of several teeth in one row. Such a fixed prosthesis is a monolithic structure of several artificial teeth, on the sides of which crowns are installed. These crowns are attached to the teeth that are molded under them, which are extremely healthy, which serves as a support for the bridge.
Depending on the material of manufacture, there are plastic, metal-ceramic and metal-plastic bridges.
According to the method of mounting bridges dentures are divided into the following types:
- Bridges on castle mounts. Such designs allow you to do without installing crowns on the support of the outer teeth.
- Adhesive bridges. Such fixed prostheses are attached using special plates and tires, which allows to avoid the operation of turning adjacent teeth. For reliable fixation of the bridge, glue is used. Adhesive bridges It is not recommended to use for the replacement of chewing teeth due to insufficient strength for this, but it can easily replace incisors or front teeth. Such dentures are mainly used in the absence of no more than two teeth.
- Bridges on implants. Used in cases where there is no significant part of the dentition. Dental implants made of metal, which are screwed into the jaw instead of one or several extracted teeth, serve as a support for such bridges. Then crowns of the bridge are placed on them.
The advantages of fixed bridges consist in minimal preparation of dental tissues, painless operation, reversibility of the treatment process, lack of contact with the mucous membrane, low cost.
The main drawback of bridges is the additional load on the adjacent teeth and the teeth used as supporting teeth. This may lead to problems with shrinkage of the prosthesis. On the site of missing teeth, bone resorption occurs, as a result of which a bridge can sink. In addition, the composite materials of such a prosthesis are subject to the influence of substances that change the shade of artificial teeth, are erased faster and do not have a sufficient degree of strength.
Dental implants
Such dentures are used to replace one or more teeth.The dental implant is a titanium artificial root in the form of a cylinder, screwed into the bone jaw tissue.
In a few months, necessary for complete implant implantation, on him set ceramic crown, which fully performs all the necessary functions of a healthy tooth.
Before installing a permanent ceramic crown, a light plastic crown can serve as a temporary crown. The dental implant performs all the necessary functions to the fullest extent, while ensuring the loading of the jaw bone tissue, which prevents its loosening and deformation.
Necessary hygiene measures for the care of fixed prostheses
The process of caring for dentures differs little from the hygiene of natural teeth, however, it requires regular examination by a dentist.
- As well as natural teeth, dentures need daily, morning and evening cleaning. toothbrushDesirable medium hardness.
- Interdental spaces should be cleaned from food debris with a special hygienic thread.
- Reception of very hard foods should be avoided.
- Rinse the mouth and brushing teeth means recommended by dentists.
- Avoid mechanical damage to the prosthesis material. Never clean them with metal needles or other similar objects.
Loading ...