None of us is immune from tooth loss. If this happens, most often in dental clinics they offer to perform prosthetics. This procedure has its advantages and disadvantages. Implantation has become a good alternative to removable dentures and fixed bridges. Does this method suit everyone, what are its contraindications and what is its essence? We will tell about this in the article.
Content
The essence of the method of dental implants
Dental implants are orthopedic support. On it installation of an orthopedic design is made. With this design, you can completely replace a lost tooth. There is no need to process growing teeth nearby. With the help of dental implants, you can create the most convenient design. Crowns and removable dentures are fixed on it in the complete absence of teeth.
This method allows to increase the chewing efficiency and reduce the size and total volume of removable dentures. The teeth will look like a natural and beautiful smile to the patient.
Implants are implanted in the jaw bone with the exception of the possibility of developing bone atrophy. However, this pathology due to tooth loss often occurs due to the lack of chewing load. All crowns, worn on the implants, almost correspond to the patient's natural teeth. This is very important, because besides the full chewing function they perform an important aesthetic component.
After installing implants need proper care behind them. If everything is followed, their lifespan is significantly increased. Very often, the service life of implants can be longer than natural teeth.
Implantation is performed in case the patient loses 1 tooth. It is necessary to restore the dentition. If a patient has lost several teeth from the dentition, then install bridges on the implants. With the loss of the entire dentition, implants are always used, with the help of which removable or non-removable dentures are installed.
Benefits of implantation
The implantation procedure is becoming increasingly popular every year. However, many patients doubt such a solution to the dental problem of missing a tooth or teeth. Despite the fears and doubts This procedure has several advantages:
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intervention is performed only in the absence of a tooth; - installation of elements immediately after tooth extraction;
- elimination of defects;
- structural reliability;
- positive aesthetic qualities;
- full restoration of functionality.
In the case of ordinary prosthetics, it is necessary to grind adjacent teeth or remove dental nerves. This is not required when installing implants. Abutments on which crowns are attached, absolutely no pressure on the gumstherefore, the inflammatory process of the mucous membrane is excluded. Thanks to unique alloys, modern implants are practically not rejected by the body. The patient, after the implantation and installation of the tooth, may eat the usual food and not experience discomfort. High-quality dental implants have been around for decades, but a lot of money will have to be paid for such quality and convenience.
Indications
Many people believe that the absence of one or two teeth does not pose a threat to health. In fact, besides, the aesthetic side touches another problem.If there is no tooth, then the neighboring ones shift with time, the distance between them increases noticeably. This leads to the fact that food is stuck between the teeth and if you add to the deterioration of oral hygiene, caries and periodontitis develops very quickly.
When there is no tooth, the bone structure in this zone does not receive a physiological load, so it constantly decreases. If the patient does not have several teeth, this leads to a distortion of the facial features. A person lowers the corners of his lips, sagging his cheeks.
Indications for implantation are:
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a single defect in the dentition - because of this, neighboring teeth often disappear; - limited defect in the dentition - in this case, dentists use any kind of implantation for complete recovery;
- end-defects of the dentition — with such a problem, implantation is the ideal solution, since their installation does not need to support the neighboring teeth, as with conventional prosthetics;
- the complete absence of chewing organs - if the patient is not ready to remove the denture from the mouth, then dentists suggest implantation;
- prosthetic intolerance - sometimes implantation becomes the only way to restore the organs of chewing, when a person is intolerant of acrylates, which are part of the base of removable prostheses.
Absolute contraindications
Implantation procedure requires surgery. For this reason, such an operation is contraindicated in some patients. In medicine, they are divided into several groups:
- absolute and relative;
- general and local;
- temporary and permanent.
The latter group most often coincides with absolute contraindications. Should be considered in more detail each of the groups. For absolute contraindications include:
- blood disease;
- immunodeficiency;
- malignant tumors;
- autoimmune pathology of connective tissue;
- mental disorders;
- type 1 diabetes;
- HIV infection;
- tuberculosis;
- intolerance to anesthesia;
- severe somatic diseases complicated by organ failure.
Relative contraindications
In addition to absolute contraindications, there are also relative. If it is possible to eliminate them then can be implanted. These include:
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stage of exacerbation of heart disease and blood vessels; - type 2 diabetes;
- drug and nicotine addiction;
- insufficient bone volume or poor condition;
- bruxism;
- disease periodontal tissue.
If all of these problems are amenable to elimination, then they will not become an obstacle to the operation. Patients who are too lazy to care for the oral cavity are also implant installation is contraindicated. In this case, they are recommended to perform prosthetics.
General and local contraindications
General contraindications include general problems. They are associated mainly with the function of the jaw. As you know, the maxillary department interacts with other human organs, they are interrelated. Under normal nervous system, the jaws oxygenate the blood, after which the decay products are removed from the body. The general group includes following problems:
- intolerance to anesthesia;
- somatic diseases;
- medications that affect implant engraftment;
- poor oral hygiene;
- mental disorders.
Local Contraindications always associated only with the function of the jaw apparatus:
- low level of oral hygiene;
- poor bone hardness;
- insufficient bone tissue;
- small distance of the implant to the sinuses and the alveolar process.
Temporary contraindications
In addition, these restrictions and prohibitions are also temporary. They can pass if you temporarily wait and make an effort. To this end, many dentists prescribe additional tests to patients.At first glance, it may seem that they are not related to implantation. Time limits include:
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lactation and pregnancy; - diseases in the acute stage of development;
- rehabilitation period after surgery;
- separate groups of drugs and drugs;
- irradiation.
It is clear that implantation has many contraindications. Of the entire list of groups, only a few contraindications are final. It is recommended to undergo an examination before implanting an artificial root into the jaw bone. When will the final results weigh the pros and cons and only after that proceed to the procedure for installing implants.
Possible complications
The implantation procedure does not apply to complicated surgery, however, it may entail some complications. They can appear as:
- painful syndrome;
- puffiness;
- bleeding;
- temperature increases;
- seam divergence;
- reimplantitis.
It is worth noting that sometimes implants do not survive due to poor oral care. Doctors advise before going to the dental clinic carefully read the indications and contraindications. This information will help to avoid various complications and other unpleasant, painful sensations after implantation of the artificial root in the jaw bone.
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