Human teeth are not restored. If a person has lost a tooth, then in his place it is desirable to install a prosthesis. You can, of course, do without the prosthesis, but in this case the bite will be broken, which will negatively affect the facial features. In addition, the chewing function will be seriously impaired, and this, in turn, will lead to problems with digestion.
For a long time there was no alternative to plate prostheses and fixed bridges. People were forced to put up with their shortcomings. Everything changed with the release of the technology of dental implants.
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What is dental implantation
Implantation allows you to quickly and, most importantly, reliably replace lost teeth. The essence of the procedure consists in inserting a special implant into the jaw at the place of the lost tooth. acting as root for abutment and crown.
Implantation is a rather complicated operation, therefore it is mandatory to be performed under local or mixed anesthesia. Dentists select the type of anesthesia exclusively taking into account the volume of work carried out, the physical condition of the patient and the characteristics of his psyche.
Often, implantation is supplemented by bone grafting, which allows to guarantee secure implant attachment in the jaw.
The advantages of implants over traditional dentures
The new method of restoring the dentition has the following advantages:
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Surgical intervention affects only the area of the lost tooth. - It is possible to install the implant directly after tooth extraction.
- The ability to replace any number of teeth in a row. Even it is possible to completely replace all the teeth in the jaw.
- The implant does not allow the alveolar part of the bone to dissolve after its own tooth has been lost.
- Reliability.
- Functionality.
- Magnificent appearance of an artificial tooth.
With the traditional replacement of a lost tooth with a bridge, patients grind the adjacent teeth so that the supporting crowns can be fixed. It is not necessary to do this during implantation. In addition, the crown screwed onto the implant never puts pressure on gumsas is often the case with traditional prosthetics.
Due to the fact that implants are made of titanium, they not rejected by the body. The cost of implants is somewhat higher than traditional bridges, but they last much longer. Moreover, a person with implants may not limit himself in food.
Types of dental implants
In modern dental clinics, dental implants are performed in two main ways.
Classical implantation. This option implant implies the installation of a titanium pin a few months after the removal of the tooth. At the same time, the implant implantation process takes on average 3 months for the upper jaw and 2 months at the bottom.
After the implant is securely fastened in the bone, the crown is screwed onto it. The implant can also be used as a precision support for the bridge.
Simultaneous implantation. This method allows you to solve the problem with the missing tooth in fact in one visit to the dentist. During one visit, a tooth is removed and a implant, an abutment and a temporary crown are installed in its place.
Simultaneous implantation is most popular, as the patient avoids psychological discomfort. Moreover, such implantation is less traumatic.
Indications for implants
As mentioned above, it is impossible to ignore the gaps in the dentition, especially if we are talking about the frontal group. After the loss of a tooth, the neighboring ones begin to shift to the vacated side.
As a result, the gaps between the teeth become more and more. In the interdental spaces begin to get stuck food debris. As a result, it will lead to caries and periodontitis.
Due to the fact that the load on the bone in the area of the lost tooth is reduced, the body begins to utilize unclaimed bone tissue. If not one tooth is lost, but several, then such utilization will quickly lead to a serious distortion of facial features. It turns out that the main indications for implantation are: lack of teeth and edentulous jaw.
Contraindications for implant placement
From the above, the reader may think that the implantation of teeth is an ideal option for all people. Actually not the case. This procedure has enough large list of contraindicationswhich are divided into five large groups: absolute and relative, general and local, temporary.
It is important to know that the main contraindication to the installation of implants is age. Dentists are not taken to implant teeth to people under the age of 22. This is explained by the fact that the bone structures of the body of young people continue to form and grow.
Therefore, to restore the dentition in people under the age of 22 years old, one has to resort to traditional methods of prosthetics.
Absolute contraindications
Such contraindications got their name for a reason. They mean that it is impossible to install the implant in principle, since there is no technical possibility or there is a danger of serious complications. Absolute contraindications are:
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Diseases of the hematopoietic system and problems with blood clotting. - HIV infection. Immunodeficiency will not allow the implant to settle down.
- Cancer Diseases In this case, any surgical intervention can trigger accelerated tumor growth, which can be fatal.
- Autoimmune diseases affecting connective tissue. We are talking about lupus erythematosus, scleroderma and others. These diseases prevent the connective tissue from recovering around the implant.
- Severe diabetes mellitus with complications. This disease is characterized by complex healing and restoration of all body tissues.
- Tuberculosis.
- Somatic diseases.
- Allergic reactions to anesthesia drugs.
Relative contraindications
Such restrictions imply that implantation can be performed only if certain conditions are met. It is about the correct preparation of the patient and the correct selection of the method of implantation. Relative contraindications are:
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bite violation, the implant can be inserted only after the problem is eliminated; - smoking, nicotine and tar can interfere with implant integration;
- alcohol and drug addiction;
- diseases of the temporomandibular joint;
- previously installed implants.
General contraindications
This group of restrictions includes:
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Problems with the heart and blood vessels. - Infectious diseases. Including venereal.
- The use of drugs that change the parameters of blood clotting, as well as the immune system.
- Protracted stress.
- General depletion of the body.
- Osteoporosis.
- Neurological and Mental Illness.
Please note that some general contraindications are temporary. That is, if necessary, the patient can correct the state of his body so that it becomes possible to install implants.
In particular, you can temporarily refuse to take drugs that affect the immune system and blood clotting, cure infectious diseases, etc.
Local and temporary contraindications
These include any inflammation in the oral cavity and dental disease. Dentists refuse to install implants in the following cases:
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periodontitis; - caries;
- if there is not much left of the alveolar process, then in this case implantation can be performed only after bone grafting;
- plaque and stone on the teeth;
- bruxism;
- increased abrasion of dental tissue.
As a rule, after the removal of the above obstacles, implantation is carried out.
Temporary contraindications. Here we are talking about contraindications to the installation of implants, which are relevant only in a limited period. These include:
- State of pregnancy. Pregnant women are prohibited from taking medications that provide the best engraftment of implants. They also can not do anesthesia.
- Acute viral and respiratory diseases: influenza, acute respiratory infections, etc.
- The period of rehabilitation after radio and chemotherapy. Before implantation of the teeth, you need to wait until the body recovers from the impact.
As you can see, there are a lot of contraindications to the installation of implants and they are diverse, therefore, it can take only a doctor.
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