Basal implantation is an innovative method of dental prosthetics, involving the introduction of implants in the deep bony layers of the jaws. These layers are called basal. They are characterized by high density and are not subject to destruction. This technique, being single phase, allows you to install prostheses within a few days after surgery.
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What is basal implantation
One of the main advantages of basal implantation over the classical implantation method is more short terms of operation and quick rehabilitation. With the classical technique, which involves the installation of implants in the soft spongy layers of bone tissue, the patient is only prosthetically treated after three months, or even six months later.
The peculiarity of the basal implants lies in the specific location in the bone and the instantaneous load of orthopedic prostheses. With the help of basal implantation, a person with complete or partial loss of teeth, regains aesthetics and the opportunity chew food.
Basal implantation is not carried out in cases where the patient requires the restoration of a single chewing organ. The specialist implants a structure of several elements for a uniform load on the chewing teeth.
At the time of eating a person transfers the load on the bone structures and soft tissues, and therefore there is an improvement in blood supply in the implant area, as well as the restoration of cellular metabolism and reduced bone tissue atrophy.
Engraftment of basal implants occurs much fasterrather than the classic counterparts, which makes them more attractive to patients.
Anatomical structure of the jaw bone tissue
In order to understand how and where implants are mounted, the anatomy of the jaw bone tissue should be studied. It consists of the following elements:
- Spongy bone In it establish classical models of implants. The layer has a porous structure, which is why it is subject to destruction, especially in areas where teeth are missing.
- Basal bone. Deep bone layer, not subject to destructive influences. Primary stabilization of implants installed in this bone is quite good, so they can be made already after three days.
- Cortical bone. The top layer, durable and tight, but too thin.
Difference of basal implants from classic ones
Basal, as well as classical implants serve as a replacement for the roots of the teeth and perform the function of support for bone tissue, but, unlike the second, they have the following features:
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made of solid pieces of material, for the manufacture of implants used titanium or zirconium dioxide; - the abutment for fixing the crown and the suspension part have the same structure;
- differ in a difficult carving and a form of suspended part;
- implanted simultaneously and do not require a long wait for the installation of crowns.
When choosing between basal and classic implants, several factors need to be taken into account:
- Anterior or chewing teeth must be restored, how many missing teeth can be restored.
- How strongly atrophied the bone tissue in the absence of teeth.
- Financial opportunities. For classical implantation, it is often necessary to increase the level of bone tissue. To install basal implants, as a rule, bone grafting is not needed.
- Time. The classical method means that the teeth will be ready in about 3–6 months, and the basal one will guarantee the result in about a week.
Types of basal implants
Basal implants are of two types: lamellar and root. Lamellar implants were very popular until the end of the 90s.
The installation of lamellar dental elements always occurred with an abundance of blood. The surgeon, who has low qualifications and little experience with such implants, in most cases showed an unsatisfactory result.
When the plate is inserted into a lateral incision of the gum, there is a danger of injury to the patient. At the end of the 20th century, they began to think about the feasibility of such a method; many surgeons and orthopedists came to the conclusion that this kind of construction causes a lot of problems.
First of all, these are difficulties with the replacement of the implant, when it did not stick. Besides plate implant it is impossible to bend in such a way that all implants are lined up parallel to each other.
This moment is important, because if it was not possible to fix the prosthesis evenly on the implant, then there will be a problem with the uniform distribution of the chewing load, and this, in turn, will affect the safety of the crown. Poorly established implants increase the percentage of cleft crowns and overload the maxillofacial joint.
Root basal implants, by and large, are not much different from the classic. Their main difference is in the monostructure of the structure, which allows the surgeon to bend the implant as necessary before installation and create optimal conditions for the work of the orthopedic surgeon. Root implants come in various sizes and configurations.
Advantages and disadvantages of basal implantation
The modern basal implantation method is distinguished by its gentle and bloodless character. It minimizes the chance of injury and provides short recovery times.
The main advantages of basal implants:
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The basal method allows you to fully restore the lost teeth: the technique is used for prosthetics of several teeth, as well as all the lost teeth in the jaw. - Basal implant functionality. Reliable fixation of elements in the basal layer is carried out. Serve as a good support for fastening fixed dental structures.
- It can be used in the most difficult situations when bone atrophy is pronounced or all teeth are lost.
- An immediate prosthetic load is possible, which significantly reduces the time of prosthetics.
- Minimal risk of implant material rejection.
- At the time of prosthetics, it is impossible to damage adjacent healthy teeth.
- Relatively low cost of the procedure.
- Easy care of implants: for the safety of prostheses need regular brushing of teeth, the use of rinses and regular check-ups in the clinic.
- No age limit.
The main disadvantages of basal implantation of teeth:
- The process is very time consuming, the result of the work depends largely on the qualifications of the dental technician. It is often difficult to adjust, at its own discretion, protruding above the gingival part of the implant.
- In some cases, after the final prosthetic work, the aesthetic appearance of the teeth is lost. The crooked basal system of implants creates a prerequisite for appropriate defective prostheses. In other words, artificial limbs do not look natural. They are less adjacent to the tissues of the gums.
- In certain situations, the doctor may damage the gums or bone.
- If the body tissue is rejected by the implant, then in the area of its installation there is a loss of bone that requires correction of the sinus lift, that is, an operation is needed to build up bone tissue in the cavity formed after the prosthesis.
Indications for basal implantation and who has contraindications
Basal implantation is indicated in the following cases:
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there are contraindications to the operation, the purpose of which is to build additional bone tissue; - full and partial adentia;
- removed two or more teeth in a row or absent extreme chewing teeth;
- allergic reactions to acrylic materials;
- there are broken teeth under crowns or byugelny designs;
- periodontitis, complicated by the mobility of the teeth and the pathology of hard tissues;
- urgent restoration of the integrity of the dentition is required;
- atrophic changes in the periosteum.
The areas where there is an increased chewing load, for example, when restoring the extreme chewing organ, the orthopedic surgeon may recommend that two basal implants be installed in one area at a time.
Even taking into account all the advantages of the basal technique, in some cases, the implantologist refuses to perform basal implantation.
Such an operation is strictly contraindicated in those patients who suffer from the following diseases:
- Diseases of the circulatory system.
- Deviations in the central nervous system.
- Oncology.
- The patient takes drugs from the group of biophosphates.
- Pregnancy and lactation.
- Impaired bone regenerative function.
In some cases, the doctor may also refuse the patient to provide surgical care:
- Oral hygiene is required because there is plaque, tartar and carious teeth lesions.
- The patient suffers from chronic alcohol dependence.
- The patient is engaged in sports associated with injuries.
- A person works in hazardous work, with difficult working conditions.
Relative contraindicationswhich force the specialist to postpone the basal implantation for a certain period:
- colds;
- a period of exacerbation of chronic diseases;
- hypertensive crisis;
- swelling in the mouth;
- temporary violation of the central nervous system.
Stages of basal implantation
Basal implantation is a phased process and requires strict adherence to safety measures at each stage.
Diagnostic stage fit in one day, in rare episodes it takes two days. The main task of the doctor is to comprehensively examine the patient, to study blood tests. The main focus is on the study of bone tissue and the state of the oral cavity. For these purposes, appoint an x-ray and computed tomography.
Deciphering a panoramic image eliminates the need for osteoplastic surgery, such as raising the maxillary sinuses and displacing the trunk of the mandibular nerve. At the preparatory stage, the specialist gives instructions to the patient what is required to be observed before the operation.
The next will be modeling stage. This is a logical continuation of the diagnostic stage, because it relies on the data obtained earlier. In accordance with the state of the bone tissue, implants are selected that are ideally suited in size and shape. It is important to consider their inclination and visual location on the basis of artificial jaw layouts.
Further, basal implantation involves implant installation using a puncture or incision method. The doctor makes a small puncture in the area of the implant and special boron forms a hole in the bone.
The final stage of implantation-prosthetics. Dentures are placed two to three days after the installation of basal implants. I make prostheses with the help of impressions that are taken from the jaw bones and in the dental laboratory, on the basis of the models obtained, the specialist makes the prosthesis.
Implants with prostheses mounted on them need constant care. The quality of daily care will depend on their lifespan. To conduct basic hygienic measures do not require special knowledge and skills. A good soft-bristled toothbrush and toothpaste would be enough. Mouth rinsing with antibacterial solutions or decoctions of medicinal herbs is welcomed.
If a person has difficulties with access to poorly cleaned areas, for example, between dentures, then dentists are advised to purchase dental floss or portable irrigator - A device for cleansing plaque, food debris and direct massage of the gums, which is achieved by the pressure of the water jet.
Twice a year, a visit to the dental office is necessary so that the doctor can assess the condition of the implants. Detected damage should be repaired as soon as possible. By following these tips, you can increase service life your implants:
- avoid jaw injuries;
- improve immunity;
- to treat the existing deviations in health and timely diagnose new diseases.
Medical practice confirms that most diseases affect the state of basal implants, therefore following simple instructionsYou can enjoy the proper quality of life and dazzle those around you with the beauty of your smile for many more years.
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