The language by which a person speaks, swallows, chews and feels the taste of food, consists of muscles and mucous membranes. On the surface of its mucous are small elevations or papillae, which sense the temperature and taste of food, hold it, contain touch receptors. If a language is affected by various adverse factors, its inflammation may occur and develop.
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What is glossitis?
The inflammatory process affecting the tissues of the tongue is called glossitis. This term refers to all pathologies of the language, including those that are not inflammatory. Glossitis can manifest itself, but basically it is a sign of any disease of the body.
Golosite in the mouth there is discomfort, swallowing and chewing is broken. In some cases, the tongue increases and, as a result, the airway is impaired.
Causes of glossitis
The most common causes of inflammation of the tongue are:
- Allergic reactions to toothpaste or other means of caring for the oral cavity, to materials of dentures, to drugs.
- Viral and bacterial infections.
- Dryness in the oral cavity, which contributes to the appearance and reproduction of pathogenic microflora.
- Injuries from teeth or briquettes.
- Lack of iron in the body.
- Burn of oral mucosa.
- Injury with sharp objects or any irritants.
- Worm invasions.
- Fungal infections (candida).
- Diseases of the gastrointestinal tract, metabolism, blood.
- The use of ganglioblockers.
- Vitamin B deficiency.
- Improper use of antibiotics.
Common symptoms:
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mouth smells unpleasant; - when chewing the tongue hurts;
- in the throat there is tickling and a sensation of a lump;
- the mucous membrane swells;
- salivation increases;
- sometimes reddish specks may appear on the tongue;
- discomfort in the mouth;
- tongue becomes sedentary and dry.
There are many reasons for the shape of glossitis and its symptoms. In order to select a treatment, you must establish an accurate diagnosis. Therefore, it is necessary to know the peculiarities of the manifestation of various forms of glossitis.
Glossit classification, photos
Desquamative (geographical). Causes of its occurrence are diseases of the gastrointestinal tract, endocrine system, blood-forming organs and imbalance of vitamins in the body.
There are several forms of desquamating glossitis:
- When the surface form on the tongue appear stripes with clear boundaries and red spots that surrounds the mucous membrane of normal color. After exfoliating the epithelial layer, itching and burning of the tongue appear, which becomes smooth and shiny.
- When the hyperplastic form of glossitis is compacted filiform papillae and appear pockets of white, yellow, gray.
- In the lichenoid form, desquamation areas with enlarged mushroom papillae are visible. There is a burning sensation in the mouth. This form occurs in the case of endocrine disorders and in case of hypersensitivity of the mucous membrane of the tongue to metals, which are used in orthopedics.
Diamond shape glossitis in which the nipples of the tongue atrophy and in its center a hearth is formed in the form of a rhombus.Its length is about five centimeters, and the width is up to two centimeters.
Causes: lack of vitamin C, inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract, smoking, candidiasis (fungal infection).
It has diamond-shaped glossite in several forms:
- With a smooth form, small areas of pink or red color are affected. Papillae on these sites are absent. On the tongue, a feeling of a foreign body appears, with palpation felt seals. There may be burning and tingling, aggravated during the meal.
- Hilly glossitis is characterized by lesions that consist of mounds separated by folds. Mounts can be of various sizes. Papillae on folds and hillocks are absent. The affected areas become red with a bluish tinge.
- In the case of a hyperplastic form, papillary formations with flat tops and broad bases grow in the tongue.
Black hairy tongue. In this disease in the posterior and middle thirds of the tongue there is a growth and keratinization of the filiform papillae.
Predisposing factors are: lack of vitamins, inflammatory diseases of the gastrointestinal tract, hypervitaminosis, infectious diseases, physical and chemical factors, a violation in the tissues of metabolic processes.
Most often this disease occurs in men.
Symptoms characteristic of hyperplasia of the filiform papillae:
- Papillae thicken, lengthen and change color to black or brown.
- The hearth is located in the center of the tongue and has the shape of an oval.
- On examination, it seems that hair has grown on the tongue.
- Sometimes it may occur: itching, gag reflex or foreign body sensation.
Catarral form. This glossitis is manifested by the appearance of white bloom, redness and swelling of the tongue. It does not apply to the deep layers.
Ulcerative glossitis. With this form of the disease, bleeding small ulcers appear. Tongue swells and hurts. Causes can be diseases of internal organs or gums.
Purulent phlegmonous. With this severe form of glossitis, the entire oral cavity, the deeper layers of the tongue, and even the nearest lymph nodes are affected. Therefore, his treatment must be carried out by a specialist.
Atrophic form The disease is characterized by a bright red blotch that takes up the entire smooth tongue. Sometimes the language may be reduced in size. The cause of atrophic glossitis is a lack of vitamins A and E.
Candida glossitis occurs most often after antibiotic therapy and is manifested by edema of the tongue and whitish plaque on it.
Gunter form. A disease in which the entire surface of the tongue becomes bright crimson. This happens due to atrophy of the papillae. The cause is a deficiency in the body of vitamin B12 and folic acid.
Some forms of glossitis can be viewed on the photo.
Glossitis is detected, as a rule, during a routine examination of the oral cavity. However, it is not enough just to make such a diagnosis. identify the cause of the disease. To do this, patients are prescribed diagnostic tests: general and biochemical blood tests, gastroscopy, ultrasound of the abdominal organs, colonoscopy.
Glossitis of the tongue, treatment
To eliminate the symptoms and treatment it is necessary to apply the following manipulations:
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To carry out oral hygiene, without affecting the affected areas. - After eating with antiseptics, rinse your mouth.
- Eat chopped and grated foods. Avoid too cold and hot food.
- With pain, the tongue should be treated with painkillers.
- The plaque formed on the surface of the tongue is removed with a cotton swab dipped in an antiseptic solution.
- To speed up the healing process, the tongue can be lubricated with special healing ointments, as well as peach or rosehip oil.
- You should take medication prescribed by a doctor (antibiotics or antiviral drugs).
- If there are pustules on the tongue, then surgery may be necessary to open them.
- It is necessary to strengthen the immune system, taking fortifying drugs or immunomodulators.
Treatment of folk remedies
Home treatment for glossitis at home should be local and general.
Local treatment of folk remedies:
- Irrigation, baths and mouthwash with broths and infusions of herbs. Anti-inflammatory and wound-healing effect have: chamomile, calendula, oak bark, sage, willow leaves, aloe juice, plantain, sea buckthorn, kalanchoe.
- Rinse the mouth with warm soda water, to which are added a few drops of iodine.
- You can carry out the treatment with honey, which should be kept in the mouth until it is completely absorbed. It regenerates cells, boosts immunity and fights infection.
- Lubricate the oral cavity with propolis, which has wound-healing properties.
- They will help to heal wounds and normalize the flora of the mouth cavity of carrot and potato juices, as well as rosehip oil.
- Lubricate the tongue with tea tree oil, which has an antibacterial effect.
- Will help for some time to reduce the pain of decoctions of eucalyptus and mint. Apply them should be warm.
General treatment of glossitis:
- Inside you can use decoctions or infusions of plants that have anti-inflammatory and immunostimulating action. For example, ginseng, echinacea, ginger. They will help restore damaged tissues of the tongue, increase immunity, restore body strength.
- To normalize the intestinal microflora, should be fermented milk bacteria. However, instead of them you can drink herbal tea with chamomile, hunter, melissa, eucalyptus.
Before starting treatment for glossitis of the tongue, you should first identify the causes its occurrence, as most often it is a consequence of internal diseases. Having identified and cured the source of the problem, you can get rid of glossite forever without letting it go into a chronic form.
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