Often occurring in humans, the gap between the centrally located teeth is called a diastema. These are slits of various widths (from 2 mm to 1 cm), which predominantly separate the upper incisors, but sometimes the lower incisors. They should not be confused with tremes - another type of gap, although between the remaining teeth, which often “accompany” this anomaly. But a diastema is not a sentence. With proper diagnosis and subsequent treatment, the teeth can be given as close as possible to the ideal shape.
Content
What are diastema
In order for the treatment to be most effective, it is necessary to properly classify the disease. Diastema can be divided into two groups:
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False. Such a diastema does not require treatment, since it can be neutralized independently. It occurs mainly in children in the process of replacing their permanent molar teeth with milk teeth. After completion of this process, with a standard set of teeth without anomalies and abnormalities, the gap between the upper incisors will close without the intervention of specialists. - The true. If, for some reason, the diastema does not disappear, but an existing one is only being formed or continues to expand, it is diagnosed as true. In this case, without the intervention of a specialist, and often not one, it will not work.
The following classification is determined by the deviation of the teeth from each other.
- Symmetrical: with such a diastema, the incisors are deviated from each other by the same distance, mirroring each other.
- Asymmetrical: this arrangement implies the rejection of only one tooth, while the second remains in the normal position.
There is another division of the diastema, already in 3 types:
- With the correct location of the rootsbut laterally inclined by central incisors.
- With lateral displacement of the teethforming a gap.
- Incisor inclinationslocated in the center, medially, and their roots - laterally.
But how to identify the diastema and determine how to treat it.
How to identify diastema
Visual inspection allows you to make assumptions about the type and degree of deviation, to obtain a primary impression, which will need to be confirmed with the help of hardware inspection.
After that, targeted radiography is performed, which will help to see the location of the roots and establish the presence of impacted teeth.
With the help of an orthopantomogram, an overall picture of the dentition is created, where deviations from the norm, other curvatures and anomalies can be observed.
Taking impressions is also a common method not only for identifying a diastema, determining its type and stage, but also a method of creating a suitable bracket or plate.
In addition, in order to properly carry out treatment using the most appropriate materials, one should focus on some more indicators:
- Bridle condition.
- The shape and position of the incisors and their roots.
- The nature of the bite.
- The size of the space between the teeth.
- Symmetry or asymmetry of diastema.
- The degree of development of remote incisors.
- The stage of formation of the roots.
Considering all these collected data, a treatment plan is created, individually tailored for each.
Treatment methods
Depending on the degree and form of the severity of this anomaly, methods of influence on it are chosen.
Therapeutic treatment
Provides for the elimination of a small gap by building up the missing walls composite materials, the so-called artistic restoration.
This method is suitable for the treatment of mild diastema, with normal form and location of all teeth.
Surgical method
It is used when the established reason for the discrepancy of the teeth is the connecting bridle with the upper lip. In this case, it is clipped, which helps reduce the distance between the incisors. However, this procedure is somewhat painful and for some time after its implementation it is necessary to endure inconveniences during meals.
Orthopedic method
They are used to mask the distance between the teeth, while applying ceramic veneers or crowns of various materials. They help to quickly and effectively correct not only the diastema, but also the shape and color of the adjacent teeth.
True, this method of treatment has a fairly high price, but guarantees quick results.
Teeth orthodontic effect
It is the most gentle method. Alignment occurs by installing different braces, records or self-adjusting rings with levers. In order to install these devices do not need to grind or grind teeth, so this procedure does not cause much discomfort, even for children. True, the result will have to wait several years.
Sometimes, to get the perfect result, there are situations that require the combination of several methods.
Causes and preventive measures
What can be done in order not to have to resort to medical care and avoid the appearance of a gap between the teeth?
Prevention methods:
- Regular visits to the dentist will help not only to diagnose the diastema as early as possible, but also to avoid other problems with the oral cavity. This is especially true for children, since it is much easier to correct such deviations at an early age.
- Getting rid of bad habits, such as long feeding with the help of nipples, biting various objects.
- Control from adults over the emergence of molars and loss of milk teeth, as well as their shape and position.
But still, there are objective reasons for the appearance of diastema, which cannot be prevented, but only corrected in time.
Causes of diastema:
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Heredity is one of the main factors in the occurrence of problems with even teeth and the formation of a gap between them. - Early loss of the front incisors or, on the contrary, the later eruption of new ones
- Abnormal location of the frenulum of the lower lip.
- The wrong arrangement of other teeth, very often lateral incisors.
- Formation of a impacted tooth between the roots or lack of relying.
- Irregular shape and location of the front teeth.
- Bad habits, late rejection of nipples.
- Intensive development of bone septum separating the front incisors.
Having got rid of the diastema, one can acquire not only an attractive appearance and gain self-confidence, but also avoid such problems as speech defects, diseases of the teeth and gums.
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