A watery formation near the bone dental tissue can be formed for various reasons, and sometimes a person does not even know about its existence. But under favorable conditions, a cyst on a tooth can begin its development, and thereby show itself with a number of symptoms. In this case, it is necessary to take urgent measures, since the treatment of such, albeit small, education may be delayed for a very long time.
Content
What is a cyst on the teeth?
Cyst is pathological education near the top of the tooth root. Its internal cavity has a mushy or liquid state, a dense layer of epithelium appears above.
Most often, the vesicle consists of bacteria, dead cells and accumulations of pus. Most active 
inflammation process runs on the upper jaw, because the roots of the teeth here have a more porous shape. The size of the cyst can vary from 4 mm and reach more than a centimeter. The appearance of bubbles near the root apex is caused by the process of inflammation. The body is trying to protect healthy tissues by separating areas with inflammation, this is exactly what causes the development of a cyst.
Reasons for education
The main source of development of a cyst on a tooth is an infection that affects the internal tissue in the area of its root. Everything reasons are divided into two types: resulting from trauma in the jaw area and caused by poor oral hygiene. Also, improper hygiene provokes a number of diseases, due to which pathological formations develop. Namely:
- complicated pulpitis;
- Fissure caries;
- periostitis - inflammation of the periosteum;
- periodontal disease - periodontal inflammation;
- gingivitis is an inflammation of the gums.
Injuries that can cause cyst development include:
-
a cyst for prosthetics, especially indigenous; - significant load on the teeth without obvious external damage, for example, during the breaking through of nuts, hard candies, etc .;
- injuries of the dental system and face, often found in athletes;
- improperly filled canals;
- Incorrectly set dentures.
All of the above reasons can provoke inflammation, the focus of which will either immediately be located in the area of the dental root, or in time, deepen from the oral cavity into the tissue.
Types of cysts
Taking into account reasons for development The following varieties are distinguished:
- The teething cyst is a lightweight form of retromolar formation, it represents a slight formation of a soft nature, manifesting itself during teething. To date, the exact cause of the appearance of this type of benign cysts has not been identified, because it is believed that the cause is infection with the infection against the background of local weakening of resistance. Most often occurs in children during the change of temporary teeth.
- Retromolar appears during a chronic inflammatory process of tissues, usually caused by complicated teething. This type of cyst is peculiar in the process of teething wisdom, especially during their wrong growth, the appearance of an air hood.
- Radicular is considered the most common type, as it appears during chronic tissue inflammation.It can be caused by injuries, from this the diagnosis in the early stages is complicated.
- Cyst of the eye teeth is caused by pathology in the maxillary sinuses, it is formed at the site of inflammation.
- Follicular develops due to the pathology of the development of the molar tooth. It appears from the follicles during the formation of dental tissue in the process of eruption.
-
Keratocyst appears in case of pathological development of the periodontium. More recently, this type belonged to follicular cysts, but, by and large, has a slightly different manifestation. The vesicle develops from the epithelium required for the formation of tissue around the dentary, which often prevents normal teething. - Residual appears when a tooth is removed. If a piece of tooth remains in the tissue during treatment, it creates inflammation of the tissue and provokes the development of a purulent vesicle. Often the residual cyst has a complex shape and contains a piece of the left root inside.
Characteristic signs and symptoms
The development of cysts on the tooth root takes place in two forms. If a ring-shaped granuloma appears, then it is very difficult to identify, since there are no signs. The resulting bubble does not cause discomfort.
A person can celebrate slight gum pain and a tooth during nibbling, but pain is often attributed to a random reaction, temperature fluctuations that have no reason to worry. An experienced doctor may reveal an education, but this rarely happens. There were cases when the presence of a cyst at an early stage was found out only during the passage of an x-ray to seal another tooth.
As soon as the cyst will be affected by external factors that provoked its development, the person will feel obvious symptoms. Strong pain sensations appear in the gum, in the affected tooth, and can also move to the opposite row in the jaw. Inflammation will increase significantly, and it can cause high fever. Often there is swelling on the cheeks or in the mouth.
What is the danger of cysts on the tooth root?
The development of a cyst is not dangerous for humans, since the body in this way trying to protect against infectiontrying to keep healthy tissue whole. However, in the absence of proper treatment, a cyst on a tooth will begin to develop, this can provoke the appearance of a large list of diseases:
- Flux is accompanied by severe swelling and severe pain not only in the area of inflammation, but also directly on the face. A large amount of pus appears in the affected area, which creates additional complications.
- Periodontitis can be both a consequence and a source of inflammation of the cyst. During the spread of the inflammatory process, both bone tissue and periodontal disease suffer, which can cause tooth loss.
- Osteomyelitis of the jaw bone.
- Phlegmon extends to the face and neck, accompanied by the development of suppuration in the area of inflammation. The disease is especially dangerous during pregnancy, because of the limitations to treatment there is a risk of general infection with the infection.
- Fractures of the jaw.
- Loss of weak teeth.
- In advanced stages, a cyst can transform into a malignant or benign neoplasm.
- Blood poisoning.
How to treat a cyst on the tooth root?
Medical treatment prescribed in the early stageswhen the cyst is no more than 1 cm in size, and only in the case when there is a good passability of the channels. As a rule, medical methods are resorted to if it is necessary to treat people at a young age. The main task of the doctor is to remove the infection that provoked the development of the disease, as well as to create a reliable block for its re-development.
In the process of treatment dentist creates access to the root canals by removing the superimposed filling or excision of damaged tissue.The doctor examines the permeability of the channels, the size and direction, performs X-rays with specially inserted instruments. If necessary, the channels expand.
During all manipulations with the channels, antiseptics are constantly used. The most common of these are sodium hypochlorite and chlohexidine.
After mechanical manipulation and treatment with anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial agents, the opening of the apex opens, the medical drug is removed beyond the apex. Apply high-alkaline drugs, for example, calcium hydroxide, to remove the acid environment of the cyst. This drug violates the walls of the cyst, promotes rapid healing, protects bone tissue and has an antimicrobial effect.
After removal of the cyst, a temporary filling of the canals is performed. Weekly appointments with a doctor to by x-ray determine its behavior inside the tissue. If the dynamics are favorable, the channels with each visit are gradually sealed up to the normal fortification in the crown area. Full restoration of bone tissue will continue throughout the year, so you need to visit the doctor in accordance with the schedule.
Relatively recently, depophoresis began to be used in medical treatment, it allows to treat the infection in all channels of the tooth, even in places where access is complicated.
This method involves as a drug apply copper-calcium hydroxide. On sites of inflammation act weak current, thanks to this, the drug passes deep, removing the cyst, and the reasons for its appearance. As a rule, a course of at least 3 procedures is prescribed, at the end of which the tooth is filled.
Surgical intervention
Operational intervention is recommended in casewhen the tooth is properly sealed, a cyst is larger than 1 cm in size, and also if there is a crown on the tooth or a pin is installed in the root canal. There are several methods of surgery, depending on the degree of impact on the cyst and tissue damage.
Less traumatic is the removal of only the wall of the cyst with the further rehabilitation of the affected area, which is called cystotomy. In the process of operation the gum is cut in the area of cyst localization, the epithelium that protects it is removed, regeneration and antiseptic preparations are used. The use of medical devices affects the cyst in almost the same way as during therapeutic treatment, but much attention needs to be paid to the postoperative period.
This method is used in cases where:
- cyst in contact with the roots of the teeth, which are close;
- it is necessary to preserve the rudiments of molars when changing temporary ones;
- tooth extraction with a cyst on the root is impossible due to contraindications;
- the cyst is in contact with the jaw bone.
In the process of cystectomy cysts are completely removed. In the same way the dissection of the gums in the area of the location of education. The edges of the incision are diluted, the doctor cuts out the outer bone plate.
Cyst wall clean accessible part of the root is deletedif necessary, carry out sealing to seal the slice. Inside the medicine is laid, which speeds up the process of bone tissue repair. The incision is sutured. If the size of the cyst is very large, and the incision is very extensive, then it is not sewn up, but covered with iodoform tampon.
Sometimes resorted to resection of the apex of the tooth root. This is due bone tissue infection jaw, so leave the infected part is impossible. The doctor performs an operation similar to cystectomy, but in addition to removing the cystic formation, cuts off the root in the affected area.
To perform the operation, it is necessary to prepare the dental canal, filling it with orthograde. Resection is used only in the case of the strategic need to save the tooth in the absence of positive treatment using other methods.
One of the most modern methods of surgery laser therapy is considered. With this treatment method, a tube is inserted into the cut fabric, which directs the laser beam. The beam dissolves the infected tissues, which are then removed using a vacuum device. Due to this method, a complex effect on the affected tissues is carried out, because the treatment of a cyst occurs effectively.
In running situations Doctors recommend hemisection (removal of a part of a crown, root and cyst) or completely remove a tooth with a cyst, but today treatment methods make it possible to undertake many ways to try to save a tooth even in severe stages of the disease.
Cyst Prevention
There are a number of activities that are capable reduce the likelihood of development diseases, including:
- proper oral hygiene;
- lack of stress and immunity support;
- periodic visits to the dentist, at least once a year;
- avoiding injuries to the teeth and jaw;
- sanitation of the oral cavity, if necessary.
The appearance of cysts on the tooth root It can be triggered by many diseases and negative factors, however, if you perform timely treatment, you can completely avoid surgery and keep your tooth in complete integrity.
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