What is periodontitis, the major symptoms of the disease

How to treat periodontitisVery often, being at the reception at the dentist you can hear such a diagnosis as periodontitis. But what is it?

First, let's look at what periodontal is. Periodontal in Greek means "peri-" around and "odontos" - a tooth, that is, around a tooth. Generally, periodontal is a group of tissues located in the slit-like space between the root of the cement and the lamina of the alveoli, in other words, the periodontium is the link with which the tooth is attached to the gum.

What is periodontitis?

Infectious periodontitisPeriodontitis is a disease that appears, as a rule, as a result of caries started and untreated in a timely manner and of pulpitis, or as a result of injury. For example, when biting through very hard food or with a strong pressure on the tooth, as a result of the habit of biting through various hard objects.

The disease is the next stage in the development of purulent infection in the apex of the tooth after pulpitis. The inflammatory process develops quickly, depending on how the infection occurred, may not take much time. The characteristic of the onset and speed of development of periodontitis is also affected by how weak, or, conversely, the body is strong at the time of infection. It is clear that if the body only suffered a severe cold or food poisoning, then in such an organism the disease will develop at maximum speed.

Types of Periodontitis

By etiological basis, this disease is divided into the following:

  • infectious;
  • traumatic;
  • medication;
  • iatrogenic.

Infectious periodontitis can be as a consequence of untreated caries, and then pulpitis, and be the result of previous poor-quality treatment of the oral cavity. In turn, this disease is also divided into several types according to the way of infection in the tooth:

  • interdental periodontitis is when an infection develops directly inside the tooth - the beginning of caries;
  • extradental: an infection has gotten into the tooth due to an inflammatory process elsewhere. For example, diseases such as sinusitis or an infectious bone disease, better known to all as osteomyelitis or many other infectious diseases.

How periodontitis develops

The traumatic type occurs as a result of some action. For example, when falling or hitting a hard object, as well as a chronic injury resulting from biting off some hard object, for example, a wire or thread. Such periodontitis usually develops very quickly with acute symptoms.

Drug appearance, already from the name it is clear that there is a consequence of any drug action. For example, in the case of unfair previous treatment of pulpitis, when a potent medication has got into the periodontium, or any irritating materials, such as pins or cement, used for sealing. Also, medical periodontitis may occur. as a result of an allergic reaction on any drug that was used in the treatment of a tooth.

In children with baby teeth, this problem is very often caused by the spread of infection from the inflamed pulp to the periodontium.

According to the course of the pathological process in the aching tooth, periodontitis is divided into:

  • acute appearance, which is also divided into serous and purulent;
  • chronic periodontitis is divided into fibrous, granulating and granulotomal;
  • exacerbation of chronic periodontitis.

Symptoms of acute periodontitis

Acute periodontitis - this diagnosis is characterized by strong, throbbing pain that does not stop for a long time. At the initial stage of this disease, the aching tooth most often just whines, pain is more pronounced when pressed on him. Localization of pain is determined in the place where the aching tooth is located. After a certain period of time the pain becomes more intense, pulsating. Most often this suggests that a purulent inflammatory process has already begun in the tooth.

It may be difficult to open the mouth due to soft tissue swelling. It also affects the general condition of the patient. headache is noted, body temperature rises to 37- 38 degrees. At the same time on the X-ray image of the special changes in the periodontal will not be seen yet.

Very often, as a result of a purulent inflammatory process, there is a reaction of the lymph nodes, they increase in size, become more solid, and feel pain when palpating. The only remedy for purulent periodontitis is removal of all rotted tissue and cleaning the root canal with further filling. If the tooth is severely destroyed and has already been fixed, then the best way out is to remove such a tooth.

Symptoms of the serous and fibrous type

Chronic periodontitis

With an acute serous disease, there will be no visible symptoms per se. The reaction of the lymph nodes will be absent, the general state of health will also not be particularly disturbed. In general, the patient will not feel bad, but he will be able to indicate the aching tooth.

Chronic fibrous periodontitis can occur as a result of an acute or chronic disease. This type of periodontitis generally proceeds calmlyIn individual cases, when pressing on the tooth, an unpleasant sensation may appear. In order to distinguish between fibrous periodontitis and granulomatous and granulating periodontitis, an x-ray should be taken. In the dental imaging, if it is fibrotic periodontitis, there should be a noticeable expansion of the periodontal gap around the apex of the root. Chronic fibrous periodontitis most often affects a previously treated tooth or one that has already been sick.

Symptoms of chronic periodontitis

What is periodontitis?

Chronic granulating type of the disease most often occurs without any symptoms, sometimes with pressure on the tooth itself, you can feel unpleasant, painful sensations. A purulent discharge may develop near the diseased tooth. flux or as it is called, purulent fistula. When pressed with a blunt object, a purulent fluid will start to stand out from it and a depression will appear, which will not disappear immediately. When you try to feel the gum in the place where the aching tooth is located, a sharp pain may appear. On x-ray the place of the inflammatory process will be already noticeable at the top of the root.

Chronic granulomatosis periodontitis in its clinical symptoms is very similar to the previous type, only in this case, the tooth can already be without a carious area, and there will be a disintegration of the pulp.

A favorable outcome of such a diagnosis can be considered the time spent treatment with the transition to a lighter stage of periodontitis. If in this case, too, do not carry out treatment, the result may be root cystand then complete tooth extraction is necessary. An X-ray of a granulomatous disease clearly shows a rarefied bone tissue, sometimes you can even see the destruction of the tooth tissues in the apex.

With exacerbation of chronic periodontitis, painful sensitivity may reappear. tooth pressure on him, but the pain will not be as strong as with the disease in combination with purulent flux. After some time, the symptoms will worsen, the pain will increase, the lymph nodes may also react to the inflammatory process. When examining a patient's tooth with such a diagnosis, the presence of a deep carious area is observed, and there is no sharp pain during sensing.

The tooth does not react to temperature changes, however, during palpation of the location of the patient's tooth, discomfort may appear. X-ray exacerbation of chronic periodontitis is a manifestation of the picture with a decrease in the clarity of the boundaries of bone loss and the appearance of new inflammatory purulent foci.

Periodontitis as a disease is the result of untreated pulpitis and, as a result, the penetration of various pathogens through the root canal into the periodontal. The infection causes a protective reaction of the body and the inflammatory process begins. The periodontal gap in the tooth is filled with interstitial fluid, which, when chewing food, acts as a shock absorber, thereby smoothing out sharp loads on the tooth. In the periodontitis affected tooth, fluid can no longer perform its functionaccumulating there, she sweats. And the existing outflow through the root canal makes the pain in case of periodontitis not so strong, but at the same time the further development of chronic periodontitis occurs.

In order to determine at what stage chronic periodontitis is, one cannot do without X-rays.

Implantation

Veneers

Crowns