Among the most common diseases of the oral cavity are periodontal disease and periodontitis, that is, periodontal disease. In the first case, the development takes place over the years, and in the second it is very rapid and is accompanied by an inflammatory process.
Content
Periodontal disease
This is a dystrophic lesion of the periodontal tissue in which there is atrophy, as a result of which the teeth become loose and begin to fall out. It must be remembered that such a disease is practically unrecognizable at an early stage.
The reasons
At the moment, experts can not say exactly why periodontal disease appears, but it is known that this disease always accompanies impaired blood supply in soft tissues. Due to numerous studies, a number of factors can be distinguished due to which periodontal disease develops:
- prolonged weakening of the immune system;
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various endocrine disorders; - trauma periodontal tissue;
- improperly installed orthodontic structures;
- bite pathology;
- smoking and drinking;
- metabolic disorders of the oral mucosa;
- various diseases of the digestive system;
- neurological diseases;
- deficiency of vitamins and trace elements.
Symptoms
Periodontal disease has a long course, so its first signs are almost imperceptible. Occurring atrophic processes lead to a decrease in interdental septa, as seen on a photo. Because of this, the following symptoms are observed:
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painful chewing; - unpleasant smell;
- pulsation in the gums;
- bleeding during brushing;
- reduction of dental cells;
- blanching of the gums;
- gradual exposure of the roots of the teeth;
- mobility and tooth loss.
With periodontal disease, various complications are often noted. This purulent inflammation in the oral cavity, gastrointestinal disease and sepsis. If you do not see a doctor, then you can lose almost all your teeth.
The development of the disease and its stage
Parodontosis always begins imperceptibly. This is especially true when there are a lot of stones on the teeth. So, only after the removal of deposits can be noticed that periodontal disease began to develop.
Often the appearance of a pathological process leads to a lack of vitamins and nutrients. Because of this, the metabolic rate decreases and the destruction of bone tissue starts.
Exist 3 stages of periodontal disease:
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There are no practical symptoms of the disease. Certain changes occur in the circulatory tissues that do not cause complaints to the patient. - While brushing your teeth, bleeding of the gums begins, and due to the reduction in the size of the interdental septum, food particles get stuck there.
- Irreversible destruction of the circulatory tissue occurs. As a result, there is a displacement of the teeth and the formation of purulent ulcers on the gums.
Treatment
At the moment there are no treatments that would help get rid of periodontal disease. Specialists can only stop the progression of the disease and improve the patient's condition.
First, the periodontist identifies and eliminates causal factors. To do this, a complete examination of the patient. Then, oral hygiene is prescribed.Although bacteria do not particularly affect periodontal disease, dental deposits still need to be removed, because after cleansing the medicine acts more effectively on the gums. In this case, the doctor should teach the patient to properly brush their teeth with the use of special pastes that help strengthen periodontal and improve blood circulation. Reception of vitamin complexes is also prescribed.
When periodontal disease is effective, physiotherapy procedures:
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Massage the gums with an appropriate device. This contributes to increased blood flow to the periodontal and improve metabolism. - Darsonvalization helps to stabilize the patient's condition during the development of the pathological process.
- Electrophoresis helps to get rid of hypersensitivity.
In some cases, self-massage is recommended. The procedure is performed 2 times a day, after brushing your teeth and carefully washing your hands.
If the teeth become mobile, an orthopedic treatment is prescribed, that is, the installation of plastic tires, with which you can prevent further teeth loosening.
Some specialists prescribe special diet. Actually there is no need to limit yourself. Enough to add to the diet as much as possible of fresh fruits and vegetables. Also, the menu should contain legumes and a variety of seafood.
Surgery
With periodontal disease, surgical treatment is used to restore the gums and bone tissue. Thus, replacement preparations or membranes are sutured under the gum. After that, the material survives and synthesizes bone tissue. If the procedure is successful, it is possible to restore the alveolar processes, thus strengthening the loosened teeth.
The following cell cultures are most commonly used for regeneration:
- Fibroblasts that contribute to the formation of collagen. Such structures improve the elasticity of tissues, and also protects the mucous membrane. Thanks to their use, soft periodontal tissues become more durable and resistant to various adverse factors.
- Stem cells can reproduce new tissues and speed healing.
Home treatment
Treatment of paradontosis without prior consultation with an experienced doctor is undesirable. This is due to the fact that self-treatment is often ineffective, which means that time will be lost and undesirable consequences may occur.
AT home conditions You can use a number of methods that are well combined with the treatment of an experienced periodontist. So, it is recommended to use special gels and ointments, enhancing metabolism and improve blood supply.
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Troxevasin is able to strengthen the walls of blood vessels and normalize the blood supply. The gel is rubbed 2 times a day with soft movements. - Elugel, which consists of the antiseptic chlorhexidine, is applied with a thin layer at least 2 times a day.
- Holisal gently rubbed into the periodontal. The duration of use of the drug depends on the extent of the disease.
- Heparin ointment thins the blood, thus improving microcirculation. The tool should be applied in a thin layer 2 times a day for 14 days.
- Solcoseryl used for dressings and rubbing in the gums.
Folk recipes
To stabilize the state with periodontal disease and to avoid further teeth loosening, folk remedies can be used.
- Infusion strong black tea with the addition of garlic is designed to rinse. Vitamin C and fluorine are present in this drug.
- Needle based decoction and dog rose has a beneficial effect on periodontal condition.
- Nettle tincture helps to avoid bleeding and improve tissue regeneration.
- A decoction of oak bark and lime blossom It is considered effective in the early stage of periodontal disease.
As a disease prevention, it is necessary to use foods rich in copper. These are wheat, liver, potatoes and tea.To the substance is well absorbed, you should add to the diet eggs, cottage cheese, sour cream, cheese and oatmeal. The body also needs iron found in beans, turkey, some vegetables and fruits.
Periodontitis
This disease is considered one of the most common. It is accompanied by periodontal inflammation, which performs a number of important functions, including barrier, retention and shock-absorbing. Due to the inflammatory process, the partitions are gradually destroyed, and the interguminal connection becomes too weak. If you do not start treatment, the disease will lead to an increase in the concentration of sugar in the blood, as well as stroke and heart attack.
The reasons
To the development of periodontitis leads blood stasis. The reason for this phenomenon may be eating too soft food, which is why the necessary load on the teeth and gums is not. The result is a favorable environment for the further development of inflammation.
Other causative factors include:
- poor hygiene;
- improper filling and prosthetics;
- diseases of the salivary glands and gastrointestinal tract;
- atherosclerosis;
- diabetes;
- smoking and alcohol abuse;
- pregnancy;
- regular intake of various medications;
- unbalanced nutrition;
- genetic predisposition.
In some cases, there is a localized form of periodontitis. Its causes are:
- bite pathology;
- proximal caries;
- injury;
- hitting arsenic paste on the gums.
Development of periodontitis
The disease always begins with the formation of deposits on the teeth. In the process of cleaning the plaque is removed, but after a day it forms again. If you do not follow the rules of hygiene or brush your teeth incorrectly, then after a few days harden and turn to stone. If it is not removed, tooth decay will begin. In addition, the gums gradually become inflamed, leading to gingivitis. If you do not start treatment at this stage, then a pocket is formed, filled with bloom and bacteria.
Treatment
With periodontal treatment, treatment always begins with the removal of deposits and stones. After that, a careful cleaning of the dental roots with subsequent polishing is carried out. Between the procedures it is necessary to maintain a gap of 2-3 days. When performing such manipulations, local anesthesia is used. Due to the correct removal of the stone, it is possible to reduce the size of the pockets and the number of bacteria.
Cleaning is necessary even if surgical intervention is indicated, because in the presence of infection, a number of complications may develop.
Treatment for periodontitis involves curettage, namely its closed and open method. The first option is used in the case when the pockets have a depth of up to 6 mm. First, the stone is removed on the teeth, and then the inflammatory process stops, and the pus is removed from the pocket. After this, the gums are treated with antiseptic. This also applies a special bandage. After 1-2 months, a thorough inspection and measurement of the depth of the pockets. If they have decreased or closed altogether, the procedure is considered successful. Thanks to her, she manages to strengthen her teeth, as well as get rid of bleeding and unpleasant sensations.
Open curettage shown with a pocket depth of more than 5-6 mm. The advantage of this procedure is the ability to reach deep layers for thorough cleaning. After this, the gums are carefully sutured. The patient is prescribed pastes and drugs that reduce sensitivity. It also shows the use of anti-inflammatory drugs to help avoid bleeding.
Folk treatment of periodontitis
For cleansing and strengthening the teeth can be used such home remedies:
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Oak bark decoction used for rinsing. The procedure is repeated several times a day. - Effective are rinsing. infusion of comfrey roots.
- At home you can spend self gum massage. For this, a mixture of sea buckthorn and fir oils is used. Finger wrapped with gauze and impregnated with the finished composition, after which a gentle massage of the gums. The procedure lasts 10-20 minutes.
To avoid the development of periodontal disease and periodontitis, you need to regularly care for your teeth and gums. It is about proper cleaning and the use of dental floss. In addition, you need to eat right and visit the dentist twice a year.
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