Dislocation of the lower jaw, the right offset, symptoms and treatment

How to set the lower jawOften there are different types of injuries - it is subluxation or dislocation, less often, of course, a fracture of the jaw. The thing is that a person can get such injuries very easily, for example, when chewing food or yawning. There is another reason - this is an increase in the number of patients for arthritis and diseases that cause problems with the joints themselves. Such a dislocation is better to treat immediately after its formation, since it is possible to avoid complications and tire installation for a long time.

The structure of the lower jaw, subluxation and dislocation

Options for reducing the lower jawOne of the main features of our evolution is the development of the temporomandibular joint (diarthrosis). Because of this evolutionary step, the lower jaw became mobile and to this day is a single component of the skull, capable of performing movements.

Based on this dislocation of the upper jaw - this concept is wrong, as it is motionless, and only a fracture can occur with it.

The mandibular temporal joint accounts for the end of the mandibular bone itself. It is located in the deepening fossa of the articular-temporal bone. Therefore, the mandibular and temporal bones are connected and mobile.

With the help of such a structure of the skull, we can not only chew, but also communicate, as the lower jaw is quietly shifted to the left, right, down and up.

Dislocation of the lower jaw occurs when the articular head slips out of the pits of the joint for various reasons. If a dislocation occurs constantly, then due to illness a person can quite often earn such trauma. This suggests that he has weakened ligaments or small fossa of the joint.

Subluxation from jaw dislocation is different in that head moves partiallywhile remaining in the fossa of the temporal bone. The patient can also return it to the place.

Causes of mandibular dislocation

Symptoms of lower jaw sprainsIn order to shift the lower jaw, it is necessary that it be influenced by such a force that could exceed the strength of the ligaments themselves, which keep it in the bag. The strength of the joints in people is different.

There are people who with a strong blow to the region of the lower jaw will not cause any damage and there will be only a bruise or a bruise, but there are also those with whom a strong slap will be enough for dislocation. This is due to the fact that ligaments loosened and there is no sufficient force of attraction of the bones themselves.

This problem is caused by rheumatism, arthritis, gout, osteomyelitis or diseases that cause joint deformity.

The cause of subluxation can also be convulsive diseases: convulsive syndrome, transferred encephalitis, epilepsy.

The main causes of dislocation:

  • jaw injury;
  • the opening of the oral cavity over measure during the biting of food, shouting, vomiting, yawning;
  • habit of stabbing nuts with your teeth or opening glass bottles;
  • congenital feature of the articular fossa - it is shallow, so the head pops out of it with ease (according to statistics, the fossa is smaller in women than in the male sex, therefore such a shift happens quite often in them).

Classification of displacement when dislocation of the lower jaw

Dislocation and subluxation of the jaw can be divided into types depending on the factors characterizing them.

Depending on the placement of the head of the joint, dislocation of the mandible happens:

  • front - the head of the joint is located directly in front of the recess;
  • rear - the head of the joint is located directly behind the joint bag;
  • side - the head went to the side of the fossa.

Anterior dislocation is much more common than lateral and posterior, and there are more ways to treat it.

Dislocation and subluxation are also:

  • unilateral - articular displacement occurred precisely in the left or right side of the temporal bone and the jaw itself;
  • bilateral - shifted both the right and left joints of the jawbone.

Methods for the treatment of mandibular dislocationsEach of these varieties has symptoms of the same plan, but in the first case the patient will feel them on one side of the jaw itself, and in the second case - from two. Unilateral dislocation is quite rare bilateral.

The factor also affects the treatment of dislocation - is it traumatic or habitual. If the patient sprained his jaw the first time or all of these injuries in his life, he had several, then in many cases this will be the first kind of displacement.

If it happens all the time, it will already be a familiar or chronic form of jaw displacement.

Also dislocated on easy and complex. With a slight dislocation happens only displacement of the joint itself, and in addition to the complex, and the gap of muscles, ligaments and connective tissues.

Manifestations of dislocation and subluxation

Despite the fact that each type of bias has its own characteristics, among them there are signs that are suitable for all types, namely: pain when trying to move the lower jaw, it is impossible to move the jaw in all four directions, increased salivation. This is due to the fact that it is very painful and difficult to swallow saliva on time.

In addition to common manifestations, bilateral anterior dislocation has the following:

  • the mouth is constantly wide open, since the closing of the lower and upper jaws is impossible;
  • the area of ​​the skull under the ears hurts and swells;
  • inarticulate speech.

With anterior unilateral dislocation, the same picture is observed, with only one part of the skull. There is one difference - you can cover your mouth a little. But such displacements are quite rare.

Signs of bilateral posterior dislocation:

  • pain and swelling in the area of ​​the skull under the ears, but the swelling may occur later;
  • close your mouth and you can not open it;
  • the lower row of teeth in the direction of the throat is shifted back;
  • as soon as the patient assumes a horizontal position of the body, he begins to choke;
  • unintelligible speech.

Symptoms of lateral dislocation:

  • the displacement of the jaw in the left or right side, which is very noticeable when viewed;
  • swelling and pain in the area where the joint is incorrectly placed;
  • speech slurred.

Subluxation is very similar in symptoms to dislocation. Also painful feelings occur, but not so pronounced, this allows the lower jaw to move, but not much. It will be noticeable and audible clicking while moving in the area of ​​the displacement itself.

For all types of subluxation, the oral cavity is always closed, except for the front bilateral. As soon as the patient cannot solve the problem himself, an increased saliva secretion may occur.

Methods of fixation of the lower jaw

Hippocratic Way

How is the reduction of the lower jawDislocation of the lower jaw of any type requires a diagnosis, which can only provide a doctor and x-ray the intended area of ​​injury.

Treatment of dislocation of the lower jaw involves reposition it into place. The dislocation of the jaw should be corrected by the orthodontist or traumatologist while possessing skills. When resetting the offset can require strong local anesthesia or general anesthesia, as this procedure is very painful.

First, before the procedure, the doctor needs to wrap his thumbs on the hands with cloth napkins, a towel or a layer of thick gauze. The patient must sit on the chair and the doctor face him.

The doctor has large coiled fingers on the surface of the molars, the other fingers are necessary so that he firmly grips the jaw from below.First, he gently presses on the jaw bone with all his thumbs, and the rest, in the upward direction on the chin, thanks to this, the chewing muscles relax.

Next, the doctor shifts the jaw back first, and then immediately upwards. The head of the joint, due to such movements, calmly should be installed in the articular recess, at the same time a characteristic click will be heard and the jaw will immediately reflexively close.

The doctor, the main thing, is to have time to remove the fingers from the teeth, moving them to the inner surface of the cheeks. But the treatment does not end there. For a week, a sick bandage is put on the chin of the patient. In addition, about a crescent to him do not open mouth wide and eat solid food, while it is necessary to limit the load on the jaw itself and avoid various injuries.

Blekhman-Gershuni method

Treatment of mandibular dislocation with this method is performed in two ways: the first in the oral cavity, the second from the external region. At the first one, the doctor gropes the coronary processes of the jaw with his fingers, which are displaced. Then he pushes them down and back simultaneously. After this, the joint returns to its normal position.

The external way causes less discomfort. The doctor finds the same coronary processes from the external region with the fingers, near the arcs of the cheekbones and bones. The directions of his fingers on the processes are the same - down and back. The head of the joint is in place. The great advantage of this method is that it is very fast and simple.

Reduction occurs in a couple of seconds. His even a passer-by can easily learn without a proper education. This is useful in cases where there is a person in the family who periodically has similar types of sprains. Then the necessary first aid can be carried out at home.

Popescu's way

Causes of jaw dislocationTreatment with this method is often used in cases of anterior maxillary dislocation, when other methods are not effective or are contraindicated at all. With this method, it is necessary to put anesthesia, partial or complete, depending on the injury itself.

The patient is placed on his back horizontally. Between the molars of the lower and upper jaws, the doctor fixes rollers from a bandage with a diameter of at least one and a half centimeters. Then he pushes the chin up and toward the back. The joint should fall into place.

There are cases when this method cannot help either. In such cases, surgical intervention is indicated. After him Physiotherapist will be appointed by the doctor and wearing removable special devices.

Prosthetic mandibular treatment

This type of treatment is prescribed in cases where there is a chance that the offset will happen again. For example, in the case of habitual subluxation or dislocation. Such orthodontic type constructions are called tires, they are both removable and non-removable and are attached to the teeth.

Removable tires have become more widespread, they have the following varieties: the Yadrovaya, Petrosov, Pomerantsev-Urbanskaya and others apparatus. The main function of the devices is to prevent the mouth from opening very widely.

In many cases, the treatment of dislocation goes well, only in rare moments are minor difficulties in the mobility of the joint itself.

Implantation

Veneers

Crowns