Nowadays, owners of a snow-white smile are watching TV screens and press covers. Aesthetic preferences are aimed at the dazzling white color of teeth and few people will refuse to experience the achievements of modern science in changing the color of tooth enamel with the help of dentistry.
This is how the human body works, that it needs food intake, which, given constant contact with the tooth surface, gives the enamel unsightly beige, gray and yellowish shades. The flawlessly white color of the teeth became not only a personal preference, but also a part of the image of a successful business man, but also a luxurious charming woman.
Until recently, artificially made crowns and veneers were used to achieve a snow-white smile. These methods have undergone changes and are now beginning to apply color improvement by abrasive cleaning or deep oxidative effects based on chemical reactions.
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The evolution of teeth whitening
People began to try to make their teeth lighter in color at the turn of the 15th century and continued to make such attempts until the end of the 18th century. At that time, the popularity of this procedure has increased so much that it became the second in importance after removal. The effective method was considered the removal of the top layer of enamel with a special file, and then the treatment of these places with a solution of nitric acid. It was believed that the daily use of urine when brushing your teeth contributes to their significant lightening.
Diversify methods and find new technologies began in the middle of the XIX century. Such questions were actively discussed at the forums of dentistry. Doctors used bleaching with bleach and acetic acid. To do this, the tooth had to remove the pulp. More often used calcium chloride, and at the end of the century, aluminum chloride, oxalic acid, peroxide ester, hydrogen peroxide, lime and even potassium cyanide began to be used.
In the future and up to the present, popular oxidizers in dentistry are pyrazole, superoxol, double sodium oxide and derivatives of chlorides. Thus, the bleaching of living teeth was also carried out. At the beginning of XX century there is a new technique use of hydrogen peroxide, heated with a tool or a light flux. The rapid rise in temperature in the mass of the solution promotes the acceleration of the reaction and interaction with the surface substances of the enamel. Reviews of those years talk about the effectiveness of this method.
The use of hydrochloric acid was introduced at the beginning of the 19th century, and in the mid-seventies of the last century, whitening with high concentration of hydrogen peroxide was popular, and its reaction was also accelerated by heating. But This method has not received distribution due to feedback on emerging complications from the mucous membrane and the treated tooth.
General provisions of the theory of whitening enamel
The main factors affecting the color of teeth:
- abuse of strong tea, coffee, smoking. Under their influence, the color of the enamel becomes yellow, brown or even darker, even black. In these cases, only the tooth surface is stained;
- a disease of the structure of the tooth, called fluorosis, the appearance of stains as a result of this process;
- diseases of internal organs tend to change the pigmentation of enamel, for example, an increase in bilirubin in liver disease can cause deep dentin staining in children during the development of the tooth;
- a violation of the usual pigmentation can be caused by a metabolic disorder due to age-related changes in the body.
Bleaching chemicals
Nowadays, teeth whitening can be performed in the dental office, there are also many techniques for performing this procedure on your own, at home. Modern means called hydrogen peroxide, carbamide oxide, sodium perborate.
Hydrogen peroxide has a bleaching effect as a result of complex chemical processes. Hydrogen derivatives penetrate the dentin layer and react with particles of active radicals, resulting in colored molecules disintegrate into two completely colorless.
Carbamide peroxide contains the chemical active substance Carbopol, which slows down the release of peroxide and contributes to the clarification of the shade. The standard concentration is 10–15%.
Sodium perborate is distinguished not only by the whitening effect, it also gives a dazzling shine to the tooth surface. But we must strive not to thin the enamel. In this case, the destruction of tissue layers and surface structure will occur, which leads to tarnishing of the tooth color and deterioration of its appearance with hindered recovery. Reviews say that frequent uncontrolled use of chemicals can lead to the need for removal.
The use of aggressive (up to 35%) solutions can lead to unpleasant consequences. In preparations based on helium structure, the concentration is lowered and amounts to 25%, which is more acceptable for repeated use.
Causes Affecting the Whitening Process
Tooth surface should be perfectly cleaned, because its pollution reduces the effect. Plays the role of the concentration of hydrogen peroxide in the preparation used.
Physical increase in the temperature of the solution used leads to significant activation. But it can be used only if the patient does not feel discomfort.
The process of hydrogen reaction can be enhanced and enhanced by using special catalysts using argon and carbon dioxide laser technology. This latest development helps to achieve the best results in a short period of time. Allows the production of free radicals that react and decolorize the pigment molecules. Reviews say that laser technology eliminates any color of enamel staining. At the forum of scientists it was noted that brown and beige colors change under the influence of argon technology, and bluish shades are sensitive to carbon dioxide components.
To improve, according to dentists, apply ultraviolet light or special rays for polarization. The exposure time of the solution on the tooth surface also affects the effect of bleaching, that is, the longer the exposure, the more effective the result.
Contraindications for whitening
The reasons for refraining from the teeth whitening procedure are as follows:
- the presence in the body of the tooth of a large pulp cavity can lead to increased sensitivity and intolerable sensations;
- exposure of the root area, cracks and age-related abrasion of the enamel;
- previously carried out large restorations, the presence of loose fillings, inflammation in the tissues and bones of the gums;
- period of pregnancy and breastfeeding of the child. The process of the impact of chemical bleaching preparations on the pregnant woman’s body is not sufficiently studied, therefore, in order to maintain the health of the child, it is better to temporarily refuse the procedure;
- if a person an allergic reaction is observed on the components of the drug. Reviews say that in such cases, soft tissue can be isolated using a cofferdam.
Teeth whitening at the dentist
To determine the degree of bleaching and select an effective drug and treatment method need to photograph the tooth surface and determine the shade on the VITA scale.
All open surfaces of the gums are treated with an orasil hermetic material. The surface of the teeth is mechanically cleaned with pumice. To eliminate deep shades, phosphoric acid is applied to the surface for a period of up to 7 seconds, then washed off with water. Before the process, the lower lip is protected with an applied napkin. The surface of the teeth before the procedure is dried using air and impose on the surface of the explication of a gauze cloth soaked in bleach.
To speed up and enhance the reaction, the preparation is heated using instruments or ultraviolet light. According to reviews, with enhanced activation, the procedure lasts 5 minutes, and self-whitening takes 9 minutes.
After removing the wipe, the surface is washed with water for a minute and the cofferdam coating is removed. Next, polish the enamel surface. The gel, including fluorine, when applied to the teeth, will prevent them from manifesting increased painful sensitivity. Required refrain from eating any food for two hours, and there are coloring products, coffee and tea can not be for two days after the end of the bleaching process.
Features self-whitening
At home, you can do only lighten teeth with a living pulp. The concentration of the solution may not exceed 12%. Reviews say that self-whitening quite a long process and requires patience. The first results can be noticeable only in two weeks, and the whole length of bleaching will take up to one and a half months.
Bleaching agents for home use are divided into preparations for night or day action. There is a special mouthguard containing the active substance that the patient wears on the teeth in accordance with the attached instructions.
Before wearing mouthguards clean the surface of the teeth. All homemade bleach products contain synthesized carbopod, which affects the rate of oxygen evolution.
Sometimes a mouthguard with cuts in the right places is used to whiten only individual teeth, while not affecting neighboring ones.
Whitening dead teeth
Often, the removal of pulp in a tooth leads to a dramatic change in its color compared to the others. This happens often due to incorrect root canal filling in the treatment or with the destruction of the channel.
Residual changes after improper treatment can be seen if pulp tissue remains on the walls of a tooth cavity. Sometimes in part of the crown remains and the mixture for the manufacture of fillings.
Often with tooth transparency, its the channel is sealed with a colored mixture for sealing. Reviews indicate that formalin, endometasone and silver shine through the body of the tooth and affect the uniformity of the surface color.
The destruction of the untreated pulp leads to the pouring of blood into the cavity of the tooth, where the process of hemolysis takes place and under exposure to hemoglobin produces a type of ironwhich paints the internal cavity in a persistent dark color.
The bleaching stages in such cases include:
- identifying the cause of a change in tooth color;
- apply a sensitivity test to make sure the tooth is lifeless;
- X-ray and photograph of the teeth for the VITA table;
- the tissue around the tooth is covered with cofferdam;
- the seal is protected with a special insulator;
- heat the tooth. If the effect is not yet fully revealed, then a bleaching agent is injected into the cavity of the tooth for a prolonged action.
To protect the cavity, it is not enough just temporary material, since he can spoil under the influence of released oxygen components, so the tooth is closed with composite materials.
To address the issue of teeth whitening is necessary be sure to ask for advice to a specialist. Even if a person chooses to use a home bleaching method, the dentist can explain the need for some other technology based on his knowledge and experience.
Reviews
All bleaching in clinics spoil enamel. It is best to use a good whitening paste at home, just a wonderful effect. Do everything you need as written in the instructions. I did three courses in several years and no damage to the tooth enamel is noticed. The good news is that the price is symbolic compared to dentists.
Bleaching was done in the clinic about a year ago. I gave a lot of money, after the procedure my teeth whined terribly, even the slightest noise was causing me trouble. Then she began to get used to a bit, and her white teeth pleased her. Since I could not quit smoking, my front teeth turned a little (very slightly) yellowed. One tooth was sealed and not bleached. When I go once, I will ask for internal whitening.
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