Dental micro-prostheses made of composite materials or ceramics are called veneers. They cover the front wall of the tooth, visually visible with a smile, and give the teeth a smooth and aesthetic appearance, improve the color of the darkened incisor, while not making it different from the rest of the series.
Veneers differ from usual crowns in that they are not located on the entire surface of the tooth, but only on its front wall and cutting edge. Regular veneers make 0.5–0.6 mm thickbut there are superfine micro-prostheses, about 0.3 mm thick. They are called lumineers, a characteristic feature is that the teeth do not require machining by turning.
Tooth restoration methods by filling or color restoration are a thing of the past, since an aesthetic appearance can be obtained only by installing veneers.
Content
In what cases is the installation of veneers shown?
Veneers are installed for no reason, if a person wants to have a Hollywood smile, and in other cases there are more specific indications for the installation of microprostheses:
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if the tooth is naturally ugly (crooked teeth); - severe genetic yellowness of the incisors (tetracycline teeth);
- color changed after depulping;
- there is persistent erosion of the enamel, there was a chipping of the tooth for various reasons;
- ugly gaps between the teeth, turned, crowded incisors;
- in the case when other methods of restoration did not give the desired result.
What are the contraindications?
In some cases, the dentist may recommend the restoration of the teeth in another way, and installation of veneers should be abandoned if:
- the patient has a reverse or direct bite;
- a person practices boxing or other sports leading to tooth decay;
- in the oral cavity there are no chewing elements (sixth, seventh, etc.);
- there are bad habits to use incisors for other purposes, such as snacking threads, gnawing nuts and seeds, biting nails, etc .;
- the inner surface of the tooth from the side of the tongue has a strong destruction or filling, located in this area of large size;
- in the past, resorcin-formalin was used for treatment.
Some people have thin enamel on their teeth from nature. Under the installation of veneer, part of the enamel is removed and the microprosthesis in this case mounted on soft dentinhaving little strength. Sometimes the doctor advises the installation of lumineers, under which the processing of the tooth is not needed. You can put a crown of porcelain on teeth that are greatly spoiled by destruction, and you can use veneers on the remaining incisors, choosing restoration elements in one color.
Veneers classification
Their division into types occurs depending on the material from which the restoration element is made.
Ceramic plates are made of zirconia and porcelain for medical purposes. This type is most common among dental patients, as it is durable, and the color does not change after many years of operation. Ceramic micro-prostheses have a thickness of not more than 0.3–0.5 mm and do not differ in their appearance from natural incisors.
Composite veneers, reviews of which say they are outdated in terms of effective use, as the limitation of use and lack of aesthetics make them not very popular in the dental market.
Ceramic microprostheses made of porcelain are classified as Hollywood laminates. Their thickness is only 0.2 mm and in comparison with porcelain plates they are more durable. The method of their installation does not require a facing of the tooth; in some cases, the installation of veneers is performed on existing crowns.
Methods for the manufacture of veneers
Ceramic Micro Prostheses
Manufacturing technology provides two options:
- the application of ceramic material in layers with further firing, so is non-pressed ceramics;
- the most common pressed ceramics, in this case, the cast is formed under the action of high temperature, such products have a longer service life, in contrast to non-pressed elements.
First, the tooth is machined to install veneers, then a special hardening mass is made into a mold, through which the microprosthesis is simulated on a computer. The turning of the element is done on a special machine that performs the process without human participation. The inner surface of the veneer processed by the tool for applying a rough surface that will allow a stronger grip. At the time of manufacture, the tooth is protected by a temporary laminate. During installation, it is removed, and the fixation of the veneer takes place on the cement, which is applied to the inner surface of the plate and the tooth.
Composite Micro Prostheses
Composite materials veneers produced by two technologies:
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They are made on the spot in the dental office and are called direct or therapeutic elements. The doctor after removing the layer of enamel on the front wall, one layer each, applies a light-polymer composite to it, gradually restoring the surface, correcting defects. - Finished veneers are made of composite materials in the laboratory, and an impression is made on the pre-machined tooth in the doctor's office. After the veneer is made, it is attached to the tooth from the front.
Characteristics of composite microprostheses
Patients who installed composite veneers, note a number of shortcomings. Reviews of dentists say that the elements made directly in the technical laboratory, exceed the quality of those that are superimposed in the dentist's office. But in more than 90% of cases, the doctor makes composite veneers in the patient's mouth. The superimposed layer on the front and incisor part of the tooth is an extensive filling at a price much higher than the standard restoration.
In the office, the doctor only removes the enamel layer, turning the cutter under the veneer, and the technician on the modern laboratory equipment gives it the desired shade of color and transparency. The quality of this type of installation will be higher, but the composite plates will never be compared in appearance. with porcelain or zirconia products:
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Aesthetic look is far from perfect, which can give a smile with the help of more successful porcelain and ceramics. Sometimes, after replacing a not very successful restoration to composite veneers, there is a difference from the natural color of the rest of the teeth in the oral cavity, an insufficient quality of the surface of the element. - The color stability leaves much to be desired, since after some time the elements become dull and the shade becomes darker. Ceramic veneers and ceramic plates do not have such disadvantages.
- The strength of the material plays a crucial role when the veneer is made taking into account the overlap of the cutting edge. But the composite veneers do not do very well with this, the constant biting and chewing of products destroys them over time.Products made of pressed ceramics, and even more so zirconium is much stronger and does not undergo deformation.
- The technology of layering veneers in a doctor's office does not allow to achieve the desired shade with artificial light, the increased humidity of the tooth surface reduces the quality. In the practice of the dentist is used almost fifty colors and shades, which complicates the choice. But even well-made veneer can not compete with other types of materials.
Installation technology veneers
For high-quality manufacturing and installation of veneers, reviews say that you should strictly adhere to all technological instructions:
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At the first preparatory stage, they inspect and reveal old fillings, which in almost all cases are subject to removal. The surface of the new fillings will create adhesion (adhesion) in contact with the veneer body. - The next action is the choice of color, which is set according to the wishes of the person on the professional scale of shades.
- Dissection of the tooth is called its grinding, while removing from 0.5 to 0.7 mm of the surface enamel on the front wall and the installation of new fillings after removing old ones.
- Making an impression of the incisor or a series of teeth is the next step, after which the transfer of the material to the technical laboratory.
- At the same time, a temporary veneer is made of plastic, which is intended to protect the tooth from aggressive action during the manufacture of a permanent microprosthesis.
- Technicians in the laboratory for casting the cast are poured from the gypsum model of the tooth, then using a computer program make veneer. Porcelain made by injection molding, or grind zirconium plates.
- The installation of micro-prostheses is carried out with the help of special pastes having various colors. Choosing the right shade of cement is very important, as it affects the subsequent color of the tooth. For successful determination of color, several layers of different shades alternate, then the veneer is installed permanently. At this stage, you can make a claim to the specialist in the matter of failed color. If the veneer is already fixed composition, then do it late.
Positive qualities of ceramic microprostheses
Photo shows that ceramics are much more suitable for creating veneers. against composite materials:
- the plate has a beautiful glossy aesthetic appearance;
- after long years of wearing products, they will not lose color, yellowness and dullness is not inherent in this material;
- ceramic veneers are characterized by high wear resistance, which indicates a high reliability, the shelf life of the plates is not limited to the time frame;
- plates of this material are fully compatible with the human body and do not cause allergic reactions.
But there are some drawbacks in the installation of ceramic veneers:
- in contrast to composite, more time is needed for manufacturing, since the former are layered in place in the doctor’s office, and ceramic ones are made in the laboratory, which increases the duration of the service;
- compared to composite microprostheses, ceramic plates are more expensive;
- such products are put almost forever and are not repaired, can not be removed.
How to care for veneers?
Special individual Veneers do not require careThe only condition is hygiene, daily brushing your teeth or using dental floss. These recommendations are needed to preserve the shiny surface of the plate. The use of foods that dye products in bright and resistant colors, it is recommended to avoid, for example, pomegranates, cherries, coffee, strong tea.
You can not use the front cutters for other purposes, for example, for opening metal caps on bottles there are certain devices. If you crack a shell of nuts or boxing without special protection, no matter how strong the veneers are, they will collapse from such treatment. For preventive professional examination, you should visit the dentist's office at least once every six months.
Testimonial: I am pleased that, according to the recall of a friend of a friend, she made herself veneers. Before that, I had problems on the four front incisors from above, they were sealed more than once, and the seals turned gray, did not want to smile. After installing the front plates for five years, no aesthetic problems.
Testimonial: I just went through the stage of teeth trimming. They have been uneven since childhood, and I was offered the job of an official manager, you need to look your best. But next week I hope to amaze customers with a friendly, beautiful smile.
Testimonial: I did veneers on the six upper teeth, there was a desire to make them blindingly white, but the dentist debunked my aspirations, saying that during the smile, the difference between the lower and upper incisors would be clearly visible. Even the fact that I was going to whiten old was the wrong decision, because after a while the color returns. But given his recommendations, I now look good for the second year.
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