Bottom 8 tooth extraction: possible consequences

8 tooth or wisdom tooth erupt at the age of 18-25 years. It received its name in connection with popular beliefs. It was believed that closer to 30 years, the person became wiser. In total, 4 wisdom teeth appear: 2 above and 2 below. In 8% of people they do not grow. The ancestors believed this was due to the fact that a person had not accumulated enough life experience: wisdom never came to him. Modern dentists talk about evolution. The food that a person consumes has changed. She became softer, processed. The size of the jaw has decreased, and wisdom teeth simply do not have enough space. This is a rudiment that got from ancestors.

Content

1 Features of the "eight"
2 8 tooth extraction
3 Expert opinion

Features of the "eight"

Wisdom tooth or 3 molar completes the line of the dentition. The root of it is complex and can have up to 4 shoots. This is one of the features of 3 molars.

Possible pathology during eruption

Not always extreme molars erupt correctly and begin to grow. upright. Dentists often encounter oblique growth of teeth:

if 8 tooth turns to 7, medial inclination, then the enamel of both molars is damaged: caries develops;
if the "eight" is rejected from the "seven", distal tilt, then damage to the gums and roots of the 7th tooth occurs;
when the 3 molar grows in the direction of the cheek, cheek tilt, it damages its mucous membrane: a thickening of the tissue appears, which can lead to the development of a tumor;
when the tongue is tilted, the wisdom tooth is turned towards the tongue: the mucosa at the root of the tongue is damaged, chewing food is difficult, the gums are injured from the inside;

Pathology will be considered not only the wrong inclination of the last molars, but also their insufficient appearance. Dentists determine full or partial retention wisdom teeth. At full retention, the molars do not erupt. They remain inside the jaw.

For a person it may be imperceptible. If he does not feel pain, the gums and with other teeth do not change, then do not touch the "eight". Dentists recommend making an orthopantomogram, a panoramic picture of the jaw once a year. Complication of complete retention of 3 molars can be the formation of a follicular cyst, which is formed around the bones.

Partial retention of a wisdom tooth is considered more dangerous when it is not fully cut through. Wherein The following complications may develop:

inflammation in the gums and bones - pericoronitis: swelling of the gums, severe pain, fever, difficulty chewing and swallowing food; abscess or purulent inflammation of the intercellular space of the face and neck, phlegmon may develop;
hygiene procedures around the “seven” are difficult: at the base begins caries, which is difficult to notice; it hits the root, despite the fact that the crown may look white; 7 tooth must be removed;
the resorption of the hard tissue of the neighboring molar, resorption: leads to the loss of the "seven";
formation of periodontal pocket: inflammation of the jaw bone occurs;
injury to the mucous membrane of the gums or cheeks: the injury becomes chronic and leads to the formation of a tumor;
the extension of the pair tooth: it lengthens and disrupts the process of chewing food; there is a blockage of the mandibular joint: the patient feels the crunch, clicks and pain in the joint;

In some cases, the wisdom tooth is removed, but dentists do not always make this decision. There are indications for treating the G8 and contraindications for extraction.

Indications for removal

Despite all the prejudices associated with the wisdom tooth, it is recommended to remove it in the following cases:

if the molar was cut through incorrectly: it grows at an angle;
interferes with the development of 7 teeth;
molar is the cause of inflammation of the mucous, soft tissues in the mouth;
jaw bone inflammation;
soft tissue or bone necrosis;
develops an abscess or phlegmon;
difficult treatment of pulpitis due to the complex location of the roots;
treatment of caries is difficult because the molar is in a hard-to-reach place;
the formation of a cyst on the root of the "eight";
molar changed the line of the dentition: there is crowding of the teeth;

The removal of a wisdom tooth will prevent the development of undesirable inflammatory processes in the oral cavity, destruction of adjacent teeth and jawbone. If the patient turns to the dentist with acute pain, then the removal of the molar is unavoidable.

Contraindications for surgery

Sometimes the doctor postpones surgery to remove the "eight". In some cases, tooth extraction is contraindicated. The cause can be diseases:

periodontitis if inflammation of the gums progresses; prescribe antibiotics, painkillers, reduce the inflammatory process; remove wisdom tooth after gum treatment; gingivitis is not a contraindication;
heart disease;
inflammatory process in the oral cavity caused by a fungus or infection;
ARI, flu, ARVI;
1 and 3 trimesters of pregnancy: remove the tooth only in extreme cases;
patient's refusal of the operation;
psychological imbalance or mental illness;

The dentist may decide to start the wisdom tooth treatment, if so certain reasons:

the absence of the "seven": the "eight" with time can move the dentition and move to the free space; tooth linearity will be maintained;
the patient wants to make a bridge in the absence of the "seven": 3 molar can serve as a support for the "bridge";
the correct location of the wisdom tooth on the gums, simple structure of the roots;
caries develops on the upper surface of the crown, which is easy to reach with tools;
the tooth grows without pathologies, the patient wants to install a crown on it;

Treatment or removal of a wisdom tooth without diagnosis is impossible. The dentist will definitely prescribe an x-ray or orthopantomogram: the image is digital and more accurate, the process does not affect the human body. Diagnosis allows you to determine the number of roots of the "eight", their linearity, location. In the picture, the doctor will see if there are any irregularities in the adjacent tooth. After analyzing a snapshot of an orthopantomogram or X-ray, the dentist makes a decision to remove 3 molar or start its treatment.

8 tooth extraction

Molar surgery is performed by a dental surgeon. He studies the patient's condition, x-ray pictures, picks up the anesthetic in order to avoid the development of allergic reactions and anaphylactic shock. Upper molars, most often, are simply removed. The surgeon grabs a tooth with special forceps, loosens it and pulls it out of the gum.

8 tooth removal procedure

The lower jaw is more massive than the upper one, the bone is denser, the roots of the teeth are stronger, which complicates the operation.

The section of the oral cavity, where it is planned to remove the "eight", is treated with an antiseptic solution.
Anesthetic is administered to the patient with a syringe: wait 5-7 minutes for the anesthetic to act: the cheek and tongue are numb, the patient does not feel anything. Anesthetic works badly if a person uses drugs, alcohol, constantly uses painkillers in large doses. In some cases, the tooth is removed under general anesthesia.
If the tooth grows straight, the roots are not curved, the surgeon grasps it with forceps, loosens it, and takes it out of the mouth.

A impacted tooth requires some manipulation: it hidden under a layer of bone and soft tissue gums. After treating the patient’s oral cavity and administering anesthesia, the surgeon should open access to the tooth. For this he needs:

incise the gum;
separate soft tissue from bone;
drill out or cut out a portion of the bone that covers the "eight";
grab the molar with forceps and remove it;
sew up the gums: non-absorbable sutures are used as suture material; they are removed only after complete healing of the wound;

Removal of a recumbent wisdom tooth or partially impacted is performed in a similar way. To grab it with tongs or an elevator, you need to open access to the tools. The operation takes place with cuts in the gums and drilling of the bone.

The duration of the procedure is about 30 minutes. During the removal of the "eight" the patient will not feel pain. In place of the molar is formed big bloody hole. The surgeon will close it with a gauze pad, which is impregnated with hemostatic and antiseptic agents. The doctor will warn you about the consequences of the operation and give certain recommendations. A dentist can prescribe a patient a sheet for 3-4 days for rehabilitation.

Consequences after the removal of the "eight"

The body will respond to the integrity of the tissue in the mouth. After removing a wisdom tooth in the lower jaw consequences are inevitable.

The action of the anesthetic will take place in 4-5 hours, the person will experience severe pain. It is caused by damage to the gums and bones. The dentist will advise you to take painkillers: Ibuprofen, Ksefokan, Nimesulid, Vioks.
The first 3-5 hours after surgery, the wound will bleed, but after a time the blood should stop. If a clot does not form on the wound and the blood does not stop, then the well is covered with a gauze pad soaked in 3% hydrogen peroxide solution. Gauze bite. On the cheek put a hot water bottle with ice.
A fever, chills are the body's response to the anesthetic. The doctor will advise the first 3 days to take "Suprastin", "Claritin." As a febrifuge - Paracetamol, Nimesulide. If the temperature does not decrease after 3 days, then this may be a symptom of an inflammatory process in the wound.
High fever and putrid breath are among the hallmarks of alviolite. An infection gets into the wound, and inflammation affects not only the gums, but also the mucous membrane of the entire oral cavity. Alviolite can develop for several reasons: poor-quality wound treatment after surgery, a piece of tooth bone remains in it, mouth rinsing in the first days after removal, eating spicy foods, and poor oral hygiene. The dentist will clean the wound from pus, put a tampon with an antiseptic on it, prescribe a bath for the mouth.
Hematoma on the face. If the walls of capillaries on the skin of the face are not sufficiently elastic, then with a complicated removal of the lower wisdom tooth, their rupture may occur. This leads to hematomas: small bruises on the cheek and cheekbone or severe swelling of one side of the face with an extensive hematoma. Ice is applied to the problem area immediately after the operation. In a week the hematoma will start to pass.
One of the complications of the operation may be paresthesia. The patient loses the sensitivity of the lower lip, tongue, cheek. Paresthesia develops if the surgeon damaged the nerve of the mandible: it passes in the area of the roots of 3 molars. If the sensitivity does not appear after 2 weeks, then treatment is prescribed: physiotherapy and medication.
The surgeon makes great physical efforts to extract 8 teeth: dislocation of the lower jaw is possible. The mandibular joint is reset immediately after surgery. A jaw fracture is extremely rare if the surgeon is not sufficiently qualified.

3 days after tooth extraction, the patient visits the dentist. for examining and sensing wounds. If the gum tissue is restored without pathologies, then on the 5th day the stitches are removed.

To reduce complications

Before the operation, the surgeon gives the patient advice on the care of the oral cavity:

food can be taken 4 hours after the procedure: food should be fresh, soft, semi-liquid consistency; you can drink ordinary water immediately: it should be at room temperature;
taking alcohol and smoking is allowed the next day;
the patient will have to refrain from taking a hot bath;
it is necessary to avoid physical exertion;
the first 4 hours, ice should be applied to the cheek to reduce swelling and avoid hematomas: ice is kept for 5 minutes, 10 minutes break;
day you can not rinse your mouth and brush your teeth;
You can take painkillers and other medicines only at the recommendation of the dentist;

Removal of a wisdom tooth will pass without consequences, if you follow all the recommendations of the doctor during the procedure and after it. The cost of a simple operation - from 1500 rub. Complicated removal of the lower 3 molar - from 3000 rubles.

Expert opinion

Extraction of a wisdom tooth in the lower jaw is one of the most difficult operations in surgical dentistry. European dentists have developed a technique that avoids complications when removing a wisdom tooth and makes the healing period more comfortable. This method is called ultrasound wisdom tooth removal using the PIEZOSURGERY system. Using this technique, the dental surgeon carefully separates the wisdom tooth without causing thermal injury to the bone tissue, which accelerates healing by 2 times, and reduces pain in the postoperative period by 70%! Our specialists completed internships in Germany in 2015, and since that time, more than 2000 ultrasonic wounds of the lower wisdom tooth have been performed at the Bionic Dentis clinic. This modern method is not yet common in Russia, but has received international recognition as a gentle and preventing complications.

Ozerov Petr Vladimirovich, chief physician of the Bionic Dentis clinic in Moscow, an expert in the field of wisdom teeth extraction.

Read on our site interview with a dental surgeon, an expert in wisdom teeth removal, in which you will learn about modern methods of tooth extraction.

Author: Anastasia Petrovna Olkhovskaya
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