Lincomycin - a drug of extensive action, is used for diseases that are provoked by the activity of bacteria of the gram-positive species. During the use of the drug in small doses, it acts bacteriostatic, and when used in high concentrations, it has a pronounced bactericidal effect on the human body.
Content
Composition and release form
Lincomycin is produced in such dosage forms:
- in the form of a solution for injecting intramuscular and intravenous administration, with the ampoule containing 600 or 300 milligrams of lincomycin hydrochloride, there may be 10, 5 or 100 ampoules in the package;
- in the form of capsules, which contain 250 milligrams of lincomycin hydrochloride, 10, 360 or 20 capsules can be in a package;
- in the form of an ointment containing 2 percent lincomycin hydrochloride, which is intended for external use, produce tubes of 15 or 10 grams of ointment.
pharmachologic effect
Lincomycin - antibiotic antimicrobial, the drug belongs to the group of lincosamides. The drug has a bacteriostatic principle of action, and with an increase in the dose of reception has a bactericidal effect on humans.
The mechanism of action of this tool is to inhibit the process of protein synthesis in microbial cells. Lincomycin hydrochloride manifests itself primarily regarding gram-positive aerobic bacteria: Streptococcus spp, Corynebacterium diphtheriae. (except, of course, Enterococcus faecalis), Staphylococcus spp. (including strains that produce penicillinase) and anaerobic bacteria (Clostridium spp, Bacteroides spp.).
The instruction notes that almost all Gram-negative bacteria, fungi, protozoa, Enterococcus faecalis and viruses are resistant to this antibiotic.
Indications for use of the drug
According to the instructions, Lincomycin is prescribed in such cases:
- for the treatment of diseases of the infectious larynx and respiratory tract that are sensitive to antibiotics such as otitis, bronchitis, pharyngitis, tracheitis, sinusitis, pneumonia, lung abscess, and many others);
- in diseases of infectious joints and bones, which are provoked by the activity of the drug sensitive microorganisms;
- for the treatment of diseases of infectious soft tissues and skin that are sensitive to antibiotics such as infected purulent wounds, furunculosis, abscess, felon, mastitis and erysipelas.
- Inflammatory infectious diseases severe development, which are caused by susceptible microorganisms, including septetic endocarditis, sepsis, pulmonary abscess, pleural empyema. In the form of antibiotic backup plan for diseases associated with infections caused by staphylococcal strains, as well as other gram-positive microorganisms that are resistant to penicillin and many antibiotics.
- In dentistry, the drug is used for various infections of the oral cavity. The main advantage of Lincomycin compared with antibiotics is the ability to be deposited in bone tissue and teeth.
Often the drug in dentistry is used in the composition with lidocaine with periodontitis to eliminate the processes of festering, gingivitis and periodontitis.Also effective is the drug in order to avoid the attachment of infections of the secondary plan on the surface of the wound after dental extraction. Since the instructions do not have direct instructions for use in dentistry, the question of using the drug should be clarified with the doctor who is treating you.
Contraindications
In the brochure for the drug highlighted that the antibiotic can not be used if the patient is present hypersensitivity to its active substance, and also if the patient has a pronounced functional impairment of the kidneys and liver. The use of Lincomycin is prohibited for lactating and pregnant women, since the drug is able to leak through the barrier consisting of the placenta.
Instructions for use
The drug in the capsule is prescribed 500 milligrams 3 to 4 times a day. The period of the course itself is from one to 2 weeks, and during osteomyelitis, then three or more weeks. Capsules should be consumed before meals for a few hours, while drinking water with them.
Intramuscular hydrochloride lincomycin administered 600 milligrams of one to two times per day. The drug is administered intravenously by the drip method of 600 milligrams twice a day.
Children are prescribed daily dose of the drug capsulewhich is between 30 and sixty milligrams per kilogram of your body. If necessary, lincomycin hydrochloride is administered intravenously every 8–12 hours at a rate of 10 to 20 milligrams per kilogram of body weight. Ointment twice a day is applied with a small layer to the damaged skin. The ointment should be used with caution when ringworms and fungal infections of the skin.
Side Effects of Lincomycin
When used, the drug may provoke the following. unforeseen complications:
- In the area of the blood circulation system: reversible leukopenia, thrombocytopenia, neutropenia.
- In the area of the digestive system: epigastric pain, stomatitis, nausea, diarrhea, glossitis, vomiting;
- During prolonged use of a high dose of the drug, pseudomembranous colitis may develop.
- Allergic reactions: angioedema, exfoliative dermatitis, urticaria, anaphylactic shock.
- With the rapid introduction of intravenous: phlebitis, dizziness, weakness, relaxation of the muscles of the skeleton, a decrease in blood pressure.
- Effect due to chemotherapy: candidiasis.
- Local reactions: phlebitis with intramuscular and intravenous administration.
Drug Interactions Lincomycin
Use of lincomycin in combination with cephalosporins, penicillins, erythromycin or chloramphenicol can lead to antagonism antimicrobial effects and, when treated with aminoglycosides, to synergism.
The drug must be applied. with caution along with muscle relaxants the actions of the peripheral, as well as with the means used for anesthesia inhalation plan because of the likelihood of increased musculo-nervous blockade, which in some cases can lead to apnea.
Antidiarrheal drugs reduce the bactericidal properties of the antibiotic. During the application of Lincomycin, you need to know that this drug is not used with barbiturates, ampicillin, kanamycin, heparin, novobiocin, theophylline, calcium and magnesium gluconate sulfate.
When used together with aminoglycosides, there may be synergism. Anti-diarrheal drugs reduces the effect of the drug lincomycin.
Lincomycin is absolutely incompatible in a single dropper or syringe with novobiocin or kanamycin.
Storage conditions and shelf life of the drug
Antibiotic needed store in a dry and protected place, inaccessible to the sun, at a positive temperature of fifteen to twenty-five degrees Celsius. The shelf life of the capsule Lincomycin when the storage conditions are met is four years, and the ointment and injection solution is three years.
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